Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye

Rossi, Ethan A.; Chung, Mina; Dubra, Alfredo; Hunter, Jennifer J.; Merigan, William H.; Williams, David R.

doi:10.1038/eye.2010.221

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Adaptive optics imaging of individual rods has been recently demonstrated. [24][25][26] However, the most commonly used tool for retinal imaging, the fundus examination, is not sufficient for a final retinal diagnosis. 27 In principle, physiological function is degraded in diseased cells before detectable abnormality of retinal morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic near-infrared imaging reveals transient phototropic change in retinal rod photoreceptors

Levy

Zhang

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Abstract. Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE) is exclusively observed in cone photoreceptors, but why the SCE is absent in rod photoreceptors is still a mystery. In this study, we employed dynamic near infrared light imaging to monitor photoreceptor kinetics in freshly isolated frog and mouse retinas stimulated by oblique visible light flashes. It was observed that retinal rods could rapidly (onset: ∼10 ms for frog and 5 ms for mouse; time-to-peak: ∼200 ms for frog and 30 ms for mouse) shift toward the direction of the visible light, which might quickly compensate for the loss of luminous efficiency due to oblique illumination. In contrast, such directional movement was negligible in retinal cones. Moreover, transient rod phototropism could contribute to characteristic intrinsic optical signal (IOS). We anticipate that further study of the transient rod phototropism may not only provide insight into better understanding of the nature of vision but also promise an IOS biomarker for functional mapping of rod physiology at high resolution. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic near-infrared imaging reveals transient phototropic change in retinal rod photoreceptors

Levy

Zhang

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt.

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“…Thanks to advances in system design and image registration software, imaging of many different cell classes in the retina is now possible in reflectance and single-photon fluorescence imaging modes [5][6][7][8]. Two-photon fluorescence imaging has the potential for imaging both intrinsic and extrinsic fluorophores in the retina using infrared light [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo two-photon imaging of the mouse retina

Sharma

Yin

Geng

et al. 2013

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Though in vivo two-photon imaging has been demonstrated in non-human primates, improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would greatly improve its scientific utility. In this study, extrinsic fluorophores, expressed in otherwise transparent retinal ganglion cells, were imaged in the living mouse eye using a two-photon fluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. We recorded two orders of magnitude greater signal levels from extrinsically labeled cells relative to previous work done in two-photon autofluorescence imaging of primates. Features as small as single dendrites in various layers of the retina could be resolved and predictions are made about the feasibility of measuring functional response from cells. In the future, two-photon imaging in the intact eye may allow us to monitor the function of retinal cell classes with infrared light that minimally excites the visual response.

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“…AO enables near diffraction-limited imaging in the living eye (10,11). AO scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) (12) has been used to investigate how our visual capabilities are formed from discrete sampling by individual cones (13,14), and how disease alters the living retina at a cellular level (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging individual neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the living eye

Rossi

Granger

Sharma

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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Although imaging of the living retina with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) provides microscopic access to individual cells, such as photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and blood cells in the retinal vasculature, other important cell classes, such as retinal ganglion cells, have proven much more challenging to image. The near transparency of inner retinal cells is advantageous for vision, as light must pass through them to reach the photoreceptors, but it has prevented them from being directly imaged in vivo. Here we show that the individual somas of neurons within the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer can be imaged with a modification of confocal AOSLO, in both monkeys and humans. Human images of RGC layer neurons did not match the quality of monkey images for several reasons, including safety concerns that limited the light levels permissible for human imaging. We also show that the same technique applied to the photoreceptor layer can resolve ambiguity about cone survival in age-related macular degeneration. The capability to noninvasively image RGC layer neurons in the living eye may one day allow for a better understanding of diseases, such as glaucoma, and accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies that aim to protect these cells. This method may also prove useful for imaging other structures, such as neurons in the brain.

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Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye

Cited by 92 publications

References 36 publications

Dynamic near-infrared imaging reveals transient phototropic change in retinal rod photoreceptors

Dynamic near-infrared imaging reveals transient phototropic change in retinal rod photoreceptors

In vivo two-photon imaging of the mouse retina

Imaging individual neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the living eye

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