Imaging Spectrum of Female Genital Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review

Aggarwal, Ankita; Das, Chandan Jyoti; Manchanda, Smita

doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.06.014

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The incidence of VD TB in extrapulmonary tuberculosis is extremely low, and many cases are secondary to testicular and epididymal TB and prostate TB. Given that VD TB is a chronic condition [3,15], it is inadvertently found mostly in patients with scrotal masses or scrotal pain and those who have a straining feeling, and in patients with a history of TB or who have typical symptoms of TB; the main pathological changes of caseous degeneration and necrosis [16][17][18], accompanied by the progress of the course, as shown by ultrasound vary [19]. Tuberculous VD is commonly observed in ultrasound examinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberous Vas Deferens Tuberculosis and Metastatic Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Purpose: To retrospective analysis and summary the features of tuberous vas deferens tuberculosis (VD TB) and inguinal metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) in routine ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) as well as to assess the utility of CEUS in differentiating between the two diseases. Methods: The US and CEUS findings of patients with pathologically confirmed tuberous VD TB (n = 17) and inguinal MLN (n = 28), including the number of lesions, presence of bilateral disease, differences in internal echogenicity, a conglomeration of lesions, and blood flow within the lesions, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Routine US showed no significant difference in the number of lesions, nodule size, internal echogenicity, sinus tract, or skin rupture; however, significant differences were observed between the two conditions in the conglomeration of lesions (χ2 = 6.455; p = 0.023) and the degree, intensity, and echogenicity pattern on CEUS (χ2 = 18.865, 17.455, and 15.074, respectively; p = 0.000 for all). Conclusions: CEUS can show the blood supply of the lesion, and judge the physical condition of the lesion better than US. Homogeneous, centripetal, and diffuse enhancement should prompt a diagnosis of inguinal MLN, whereas lesions with heterogeneous and diffuse enhancement on CEUS should be considered as VD TB. CEUS has great diagnostic value in differentiating between tuberous VD TB and inguinal MLN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberous Vas Deferens Tuberculosis and Metastatic Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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“…The endometrium may also be affected, as may ovarian reserve and oocyte quality. If left untreated, a 2014 study found that only 20% of women will fall pregnant subsequently, compared to 59% following appropriate intervention [19]. Understandably, the risk of ectopic pregnancy is increased in women who conceive after a genital TB diagnosis, 4%, compared to 2% in the general populace [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Regional Australia: Ectopic Pregnancy Complicating Indolent Genital Tract Disease

Xu¹,

Brown²,

Aboda³

et al. 2023

AustinJPublicHealthEpidemiol

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Female genital Tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in Australia. It may, however, be a rarely considered cause of infertility and early pregnancy failure. We report the case of a 19-year-old migrant woman living in regional Australia who presented with ectopic pregnancy following prior treatment for genital tuberculosis. We highlight the vulnerability of migrant and indigenous Australians to chronic disease, the barriers that affect successful treatment and the strategies needed to mitigate disparity of healthcare providers not otherwise encountered in metropolitan populations.

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“…[ 20 ] Aggarwal et al . [ 21 ] also reviewed the role of HSG and ultrasound in FGTB and observed them to be the best to detect tubercular changes in fallopian tubes and uterus. [ 21 ] Thangappah et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 21 ] also reviewed the role of HSG and ultrasound in FGTB and observed them to be the best to detect tubercular changes in fallopian tubes and uterus. [ 21 ] Thangappah et al . [ 22 ] observed classification, distorted uterine cavity, beaded tubes, blocked tubes using intravasation of dye and hydrosalpinx in their recent study on HSG in FGTB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysterosalpingography Observations in Female Genital Tuberculosis with Infertility

Sharma

Kumari

Jaiswal

et al. 2022

Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences

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Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is radiographic evaluation of uterine cavity and tubal patency. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and utilisation of HSG in female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) with infertility. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre of North India. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study on 87 cases of FGTB with infertility. Diagnosis of FGTB was made by composite reference standard using the presence of acid-fast bacilli on microscopy/culture or positive GeneXpert, positive polymerase chain reaction or epithelioid granuloma on endometrial biopsy or definitive or probable findings on laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. Statistical Analysis Used: Suitable statistical methods were used with STATA software version 12.0. Results: HSG findings were normal in 49 (56.32%) cases. There were filling defects in 14 (16.09%), short and shrunken cavity in 4 (4.49%), intrauterine synechiae in 14 (16.09%), T-shaped cavity in 3 (3.44%) and deformed uterine cavity in 5 (5.74%) cases. Fallopian tube findings were hydrosalpinx in 12 (13.79%) and 11 (12.64%) cases, beading of tube in 4 (4.59%) and 2 (2.29%) cases, pipestem appearance in 2 (2.29%) cases each and Maltese cross appearance in 3 (3.44%) and 2 (2.29%) cases, respectively. Tubal blockage was seen in 69 (79.31%) and 67 (77.01%) cases being cornual block in 28 (32.18%) and 26 (29.88%) cases, mid-tubal block in 16 (18.39%) and 15 (17.24%) cases, multiple blocks in 10 (11.49%) and 12 (13.79%) cases and fimbrial block in 15 (17.24%) and 14 (16.09%) cases. None of the cases had flare-up of the disease after HSG in the current study. Conclusion: HSG is a useful modality in FGTB with infertility.

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Imaging Spectrum of Female Genital Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberous Vas Deferens Tuberculosis and Metastatic Inguinal Lymph Nodes

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberous Vas Deferens Tuberculosis and Metastatic Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Tuberculosis in Regional Australia: Ectopic Pregnancy Complicating Indolent Genital Tract Disease

Hysterosalpingography Observations in Female Genital Tuberculosis with Infertility

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