Imaging techniques for mapping solution parameters, growth rate, and surface features during the growth of crystals from solution

Verma, Sunil; Shlichta, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2008.03.001

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 415 publications

(422 reference statements)

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“…This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmgruiz@ugr.es.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…phase shifting interferometry | mineral growth D uring the last decade, the field of mineral growth has experienced important advances in analytical instrumentation (1). The development of state-of-the-art methods for nanometric observation, such as high-resolution atomic force microscopy (2), or advanced optical microscopy techniques like laser confocal differential interference contrast microscopy (3) and phase-shift interferometry (4,5), have allowed the study at nanoscopic levels of the different growth mechanisms exhibited by crystals, emphasizing the direct relation between the morphology and the growth processes taking place on each crystal face.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultraslow growth rates of giant gypsum crystals

Driessche

García-Ruiz

Tsukamoto

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mineralogical processes taking place close to equilibrium, or with very slow kinetics, are difficult to quantify precisely. The determination of ultraslow dissolution/precipitation rates would reveal characteristic timing associated with these processes that are important at geological scale. We have designed an advanced high-resolution white-beam phase-shift interferometry microscope to measure growth rates of crystals at very low supersaturation values. To test this technique, we have selected the giant gypsum crystals of Naica ore mines in Chihuahua, Mexico, a challenging subject in mineral formation. They are thought to form by a self-feeding mechanism driven by solution-mediated anhydritegypsum phase transition, and therefore they must be the result of an extremely slow crystallization process close to equilibrium. To calculate the formation time of these crystals we have measured the growth rates of the f010g face of gypsum growing from current Naica waters at different temperatures. The slowest measurable growth rate was found at 55°C, 1.4 AE 0.2 × 10 −5 nm∕s, the slowest directly measured normal growth rate for any crystal growth process. At higher temperatures, growth rates increase exponentially because of decreasing gypsum solubility and higher kinetic coefficient. At 50°C neither growth nor dissolution was observed indicating that growth of giant crystals of gypsum occurred at Naica between 58°C (gypsum/anhydrite transition temperature) and the current temperature of Naica waters, confirming formation temperatures determined from fluid inclusion studies. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of applying advanced optical techniques in laboratory experiments to gain a better understanding of crystal growth processes occurring at a geological timescale.phase shifting interferometry | mineral growth D uring the last decade, the field of mineral growth has experienced important advances in analytical instrumentation (1). The development of state-of-the-art methods for nanometric observation, such as high-resolution atomic force microscopy (2), or advanced optical microscopy techniques like laser confocal differential interference contrast microscopy (3) and phase-shift interferometry (4, 5), have allowed the study at nanoscopic levels of the different growth mechanisms exhibited by crystals, emphasizing the direct relation between the morphology and the growth processes taking place on each crystal face. For example, the application of in situ nanoscale observation of calcite crystal growth in the lab have revealed the microscopic causes of the large morphological variety exhibited by natural occurring calcite crystals (6-8). These, and other works (9-11) have demonstrated the power of laboratory crystal growth studies for sharpening the picture of crystallization occurring in nature.Recently, a very striking crystal growth problem in earth sciences has emerged: the existence of giant crystals of gypsum (CaSO 4 :2H 2 O), in particular those found in the range of Naica, Mexico (12, 13). Large gypsum cryst...

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“…This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmgruiz@ugr.es.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraslow growth rates of giant gypsum crystals

Driessche

García-Ruiz

Tsukamoto

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The principle and optical schematics of birefringence interferometry has been described by Verma & Shlichta. 23 The interferogram does not have any fringe in the entire cross section of the sample. This signifies that there is no appreciable variation in the birefringence of the crystal sample, and hence good optical homogeneity of the crystal.…”

Section: Birefringence and Z Scan Measurement Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and single crystal growth of l-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate and its characterization for higher order harmonic generation applications

et al. 2014

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The semi-organic non linear optical single crystal of L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate was successfully synthesized and the single crystal was grown by a slow evaporation solution growth technique, using double distilled water as the solvent. The lattice dimensions of the grown crystal were examined by powder X-ray diffraction and it was found to belong to the orthorhombic crystal system with a noncentrosymmetric space group. Its crystallinity was assessed by a high resolution X-ray diffraction method and its structural imperfections were recorded using X-ray topography. The presence of functional groups was identified from heteronuclear correlation methods. Its optical behavior was examined by birefringence and photoluminescence and its optical constants were determined from UV-Vis. analysis. Its thermal and third order nonlinear optical properties were characterised by photopyroelectric and Z-scan methods, respectively. The mechanical and ferroelectric behavior was also assessed on the grown single crystal of L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate.

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“…A large range of growth rates has been experimentally measured by these techniques, from very low growth rates, such as those of certain proteins (10 -9 m.s -1 ), to high growth rates for metals (10 -1 m.s -1 ). Time-laps photography or cinematography methods using either optical microscopy or video cameras are the most widely used imaging techniques [2,3]. They allow analyzing both the crystal morphology and the crystal growth rate as a function of the undercooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of crystal growth kinetics of meta-stable phases in undercooled melts by infrared thermography

Godin¹,

Duquesne²,

Barrio³

2014

Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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A new experimental approach based on infrared thermography is proposed in this paper for studying crystal growth kinetics in undercooled melts. The crystallization of a thin sample of an undercooled melt at constant bulk temperature is induced by a small crystal seed and the growth of the solid phase is observed using infrared camera. The recorded thermal images allow determining the position of crystallization front at any time, the velocity of advancement of the front at any point and time, and the temperature at the points of the interface at any time. Contrary to experimental techniques based on optical microscopy or video cameras, infrared thermography provides detailed analysis of the interface temperature which is essential when discussing the temperature dependence of experimentally determined growth rates. The appropriateness of infrared thermography for crystal growth kinetics analysis is illustrated through the experimental analysis of erythritol crystallization.

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Imaging techniques for mapping solution parameters, growth rate, and surface features during the growth of crystals from solution

Cited by 60 publications

References 415 publications

Ultraslow growth rates of giant gypsum crystals

Ultraslow growth rates of giant gypsum crystals

Synthesis and single crystal growth of l-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate and its characterization for higher order harmonic generation applications

Analysis of crystal growth kinetics of meta-stable phases in undercooled melts by infrared thermography

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