Imaging the Leaky Gut

Wallace, Michael B.; Vázquez-Roque, María I.; Bojarski, Christian; Schulzke, Jörg D.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.027

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…When this influx is particularly great, it is sometimes referred to as a ‘leaky gut’ (e.g. Fasano, ; Kato et al ., ; Li & Atkinson, ; Luettig et al ., ; Maes, ; Maes et al ., ; Mu et al ., ; Quigley, ; Shukla et al ., ; Thevaranjan et al ., ; Wallace et al ., ). The result of this, and of the two other main sources that we cover in Sections II.2 and III.3, is the existence of a standing crop of microbes that have entered the bloodstream (Kell, Potgieter & Pretorius, ; Potgieter et al ., ).…”

Section: State –2a: Infection Dysbiosis and Atopobiosismentioning

confidence: 97%

No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases

Kell

2018

Biological Reviews

108

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Since the successful conquest of many acute, communicable (infectious) diseases through the use of vaccines and antibiotics, the currently most prevalent diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, and are all accompanied by inflammation. These diseases include neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), vascular (e.g. atherosclerosis, pre‐eclampsia, type 2 diabetes) and autoimmune (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) diseases that may appear to have little in common. In fact they all share significant features, in particular chronic inflammation and its attendant inflammatory cytokines. Such effects do not happen without underlying and initially ‘external’ causes, and it is of interest to seek these causes. Taking a systems approach, we argue that these causes include (i) stress‐induced iron dysregulation, and (ii) its ability to awaken dormant, non‐replicating microbes with which the host has become infected. Other external causes may be dietary. Such microbes are capable of shedding small, but functionally significant amounts of highly inflammagenic molecules such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Sequelae include significant coagulopathies, not least the recently discovered amyloidogenic clotting of blood, leading to cell death and the release of further inflammagens. The extensive evidence discussed here implies, as was found with ulcers, that almost all chronic, infectious diseases do in fact harbour a microbial component. What differs is simply the microbes and the anatomical location from and at which they exert damage. This analysis offers novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: State –2a: Infection Dysbiosis and Atopobiosismentioning

confidence: 97%

No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases

Kell

2018

Biological Reviews

108

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“…Chronic dysbiosis is defined as the chronic low-grade inflammation of the mucosal wall, leading to the deterioration of the tight junction selective function with the activation and overload of the immune system and, finally, the passage of harmful molecules of allergens and microorganisms, and toxicity in the circulatory torrent, which is then also spread to other organs. This clinical picture constitutes what is currently referred to as the “leaky gut syndrome” or syndrome of impaired intestinal permeability ( Figure 1 ) [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Inflammation: A Narrative Review

Colletti,

Pellizzato,

Cicero

2023

Microorganisms

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The fine balance between symbiotic and potentially opportunistic and/or pathogenic microorganisms can undergo quantitative alterations, which, when associated with low intestinal biodiversity, could be responsible for the development of gut inflammation and the so-called “intestinal dysbiosis”. This condition is characterized by the disbalance of a fine synergistic mechanism involving the mucosal barrier, the intestinal neuroendocrine system, and the immune system that results in an acute inflammatory response induced by different causes, including viral or bacterial infections of the digestive tract. More frequently, however, dysbiosis is induced slowly and subtly by subliminal causal factors, resulting in a chronic condition related to different diseases affecting the digestive tract and other organs and apparatuses. Studies on animal models, together with studies on humans, highlight the significant role of the gut microbiota and microbiome in the occurrence of inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); neurodegenerative, urologic, skin, liver, and kidney pathologies; and premature aging. The blood translocation of bacterial fragments has been found to be one of the processes linked to gut dysbiosis and responsible for the possible occurrence of “metabolic endotoxemia” and systemic inflammation, associated with an increased risk of oxidative stress and related diseases. In this context, supplementation with different probiotic strains has been shown to restore gut eubiosis, especially if administered in long-term treatments. The aim of this review is to describe the anti-inflammatory effects of specific probiotic strains observed in clinical trials and the respective indications, highlighting the differences in efficacy depending on strain, formulation, time and duration of treatment, and dosage used.

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Clinical importance of “occult-bacterial translocation” in patients undergoing highly invasive gastrointestinal surgery: A review

et al. 2020

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Imaging the Leaky Gut

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases

No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases

The Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Inflammation: A Narrative Review

Clinical importance of “occult-bacterial translocation” in patients undergoing highly invasive gastrointestinal surgery: A review

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