2011
DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0061-4
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Imaging the spine in arthritis—a pictorial review

Abstract: Spinal involvement is frequent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondyloarthritides (SpA), and its diagnosis is important. Thus, MRI and CT are increasingly used, although radiography is the recommended initial examination. The purpose of this review is to present the typical radiographic features of spinal changes in RA and SpA in addition to the advantages of MRI and CT, respectively. RA changes are usually located in the cervical spine and can result in serious joint instability. Subluxation is… Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Later in the development of the disease, the inflammatory infiltrate is reduced and excessive tissue formation ensues, intervertebral disc degeneration and destruction and ectopic mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes that expanded between adjacent vertebrae in the caudal area of the axial skeleton. This ectopic new bone formation led to vertebral fusion, as revealed by CT imaging analysis, resembling imaging findings detected in human patients of ankylosing spondylitis (26)(27)(28).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 71%
“…Later in the development of the disease, the inflammatory infiltrate is reduced and excessive tissue formation ensues, intervertebral disc degeneration and destruction and ectopic mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes that expanded between adjacent vertebrae in the caudal area of the axial skeleton. This ectopic new bone formation led to vertebral fusion, as revealed by CT imaging analysis, resembling imaging findings detected in human patients of ankylosing spondylitis (26)(27)(28).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 71%
“…Later in the development of the disease, the in ammatory in ltrate is reduced and excessive tissue formation ensues, intervertebral disc degeneration and destruction and ectopic mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes that expanded between adjacent vertebrae in the caudal area of the axial skeleton. This ectopic new bone formation led to vertebral fusion, as revealed by CT imaging analysis, resembling imaging ndings detected in human patients with ankylosing spondylitis (29)(30)(31). Interestingly, severe in ammation was never found simultaneously with severe excessive tissue formation within the same joint supporting sequential, rather than parallel progression of these disease features.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 62%
“…Jurik proposed a reasonable approach to image the cervical spine in patients with RA. 89 The use of radiographs, with a dedicated open-mouth view to assess the morphology of the dens, and with lateral flexion views to assess atlantoaxial instability, is of significant importance for monitoring the patient or to decide whether further evaluation with MRI and/or CT is required. Clinical symptoms comprise weakness, spasticity, or other signs of myelopathy or vertebrobasilar insufficiency.…”
Section: Clinically Based Decision For the Choice Of Imaging Modalitymentioning
confidence: 99%