Imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in prostate cancer

Abstract

Radioimmunoscintigraphy using a radio-labelled antibody to prostate-speci®c membrane antigen (PSMA) has growing applications as a means of tissuespeci®c imaging based on functional characteristics and complements traditional staging investigations. Clinical applications in men with carcinoma of the prostate are being re®ned, and this study reports outcomes with this technique in our practice. Prostatic immunoscintigraphy scans were performed with In-111 CYT 356 in 49 men with carcinoma of the prostate, obtaining sequential images in two and three dimensions at 10 min, 24 and 48 h. Of the 49 men, 36 had clinically localized cancer, 10 had recurrent disease after radical radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy and three had rising PSA after primary endocrine treatment. Scan ®ndings are discussed in the context of clinical management. Of the 36 men with clinically localized cancer, seven had increased uptake in regional and distant lymph nodes. Of these seven, three were treated with hormone manipulation, two by radical prostatectomy and two by radical radiotherapy. Among 10 patients who had recurrence after radical treatment of the primary tumour, scans showed local recurrence alone in four, and six had regional or distant metastases. Three patients treated with primary hormone manipulation had scans for rising PSA, and of these one had a positive regional node and two had distant soft tissue and bone metastases. In conclusion, prostatic radio-immunoscintigraphy scans highlight tissues involved by prostate cancer, including the prostate, lymph nodes, soft tissues and bone metastases as well as pelvic recurrence. Results may contribute to the clinical management of individual patients, although histological con®rmation may be appropriate when considering alternative treatment. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2000) 3, 47±52.

Multilayer coating of gold nanorods for combined stability and biocompatibility

“…, ProstaScint® scan). 68 To evaluate specific targeting, PSMA-positive LNCaP cells and PSMA-negative PC3 cells were incubated with the GNR@SiO 2 @PE-PEG with or without the aptamer followed by exposure to a NIR laser (803 nm, 10 W cm −2 ). Cell viabilities were quantified using a dual-color labeling technique with calcein AM and ethidium homodimer 1 (EthD-1), where red fluorescence from EthD-1 indicates dead cells and green fluorescence from calcein AM indicates live cells.…”

Biodistributions of 177Lu- and 111In-Labeled 7E11 Antibodies to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Xenograft Model of Prostate Cancer and Potential Use of 111In-7E11 as a Pre-therapeutic Agent for 177Lu-7E11 Radioimmunotherapy

“…111 In-capromab pendetide binds to sites of disease in soft tissues, lymph nodes, and bone, and has been found to be particularly useful in the exclusion of lymph node metastases when planning definitive therapy, in the assessment of response to primary therapy, in the determination of patterns of relapse or progression, and in the localization of disease foci in cases of other positive indicators of disease ( e.g. , rising PSA) without evidence of relapse by computed tomography (CT) or bone scan [14, 15]. Given its proven utility in the imaging realm, the potential of this antibody to target prostate cancer for therapy with a radionuclide is evident.…”

DNA aptamer-based detection of prostate cancer

“…It is overexpressed on prostate tumour cells and may play an important role in the progression of PCa. It can also differentiate between BPH and PCa (Feneley et al, 2000;Ghosh & Heston, 2004;Madu & Lu, 2010;Pircher et al, 2011). Furthermore, by analysing the expression of PSMA, two cell lines can be distinguished among PCa cells: PSMA (-) and PSMA (+) cells (Ghosh & Heston, 2004).…”