Imagining Serengeti

Shetler, Jan Bender

doi:10.1353/book.7007

Cited by 92 publications

(3 citation statements)

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Section: Shouldering the Burden Of Wildlife Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The invasion of community lands while simultaneously denying abutting communities and landowners the use of protected areas has attracted the attention of human rights actors who have concluded that "Wildlife conservation has also had direct negative impacts on neighboring communities" (Stavenhagen 2006: article 1; see also Peluso, 1994;Shetler, 2007). Ali Kaka (Kaka, 2004) evokes the life of a landowner, and his family, who has to internalize wildlife migration costs: That small-scale farmer who stays up all night, then has his family take the day shift to keep his one crop safe, that school child who has to stay home and go to school late and leave school early, that fisherman who cannot fish anymore, that woman who has lost her husband or child .…”

Section: Shouldering the Burden Of Wildlife Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Political Economy of Wildlife Conservation and Decline in Kenya

Kabiri¹

2010

The Journal of Environment & Development

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Wildlife is the backbone of tourism in Kenya, one of the leading foreign exchange earners for the country. Although wildlife is declining, poverty among communities hosting this wildlife remains endemic. Using field data and secondary literature, this article examines the extent to which the existing wildlife conservation regime must be considered responsible for the associated issues of wildlife decline and community poverty. The author contends that the interests of landowners (both community and private) must be meaningfully incorporated into wildlife conservation planning in order for both impacted communities and wildlife management to be sustainable. The article proposes a rethinking of the wildlife governance philosophy in this respect and sets out pragmatic policy suggestions on how to reform wildlife management for conservation in Kenya built on securing more benefits for the communities that shoulder the burden of conservation.

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Section: Shouldering the Burden Of Wildlife Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shouldering the Burden Of Wildlife Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Economy of Wildlife Conservation and Decline in Kenya

Kabiri¹

2010

The Journal of Environment & Development

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“…In her reading, the landscape is essential to the persistence of oral traditions, becoming itself part of a "text of history" that is experienced through walking the land and hearing the stories mapped onto its spatial extension. 115 If the closing off of the Serengeti as a national park disrupted these traditions, the total refurbishment of the groundnut scheme sites might have had an even more drastic effect on those living close-by. Although the plan's claim that "[i]n no instance would native rights or other interests be prejudiced by the location of the project" might have been legally accurate, 116 it seems that the displacement of a significant number of people was only avoided by the Scheme's early demise.…”

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Environment, Memory, and the Groundnut Scheme: Britain’s Largest Colonial Agricultural Development Project and Its Global Legacy

Esselborn¹

2013

Global Environment

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In the late 1940s, the British state embarked on an attempt to convert about 12,000 square kilometers of bush land in remote regions of colonial East Africa into a peanut monoculture. The project, which became known simply as the “Groundnut Scheme”, constituted one of the largest colonial agricultural development initiatives in history, as well as possibly the most spectacular failure in this field. While the technical reasons for this are relatively well known, this article focuses chiefly on perceptions and memories of the Scheme, trying in particular to trace the different functions that were assigned to the social and ecological landscape of Tanganyika. As the Scheme was from the outset targeted as much at Western discourses and representations as at the actual situation in Tanganyika, three layers of context are distinguished, corresponding broadly to different geographical scales as well as specific groups of actors. On the imperial level, the project’s entanglement in British politics tended to obscure its geographic and historical specificities, transforming the transformation of Tanganyikan landscape into sets of statistical numbers, and ultimately into a largely decontextualized political buzzword. Secondly, in the framework of the international expert community, technological enthusiasm depicted East Africa as an “empty” region formable at will, despite scientific evidence to the contrary. Ironically, the mistakes and miscalculations resulting from this were so numerous and at times grotesque that they allowed a more general questioning of the basic tenets of agricultural development to be avoided. At a “local” level, the Groundnut Scheme should be understood in the context of attempts to reform the (post-) colonial social order through the modification of agricultural practices and the refashioning of the physical and ecological environment. In this sense, the project became a forerunner of the even larger Tanzanian “villagization” campaign in the 1970s. Different strands of memory of the Groundnut Scheme persist today, although their connection to the physical site(s) of the project is often tenuous. On the other hand, the Scheme did transform the social, physical, and biological landscape of Tanganyika, albeit in very different ways and in a much more limited fashion than intended.

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Environmental History in Africa

Carruthers

2012

A Companion to Global Environmental History

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Imagining Serengeti

Cited by 92 publications

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The Political Economy of Wildlife Conservation and Decline in Kenya

The Political Economy of Wildlife Conservation and Decline in Kenya

Environment, Memory, and the Groundnut Scheme: Britain’s Largest Colonial Agricultural Development Project and Its Global Legacy

Environmental History in Africa

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