Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, induces insulin resistance

Abstract

exposures, which includes insecticides, and development of type 2 diabetes. However, there is limited -betes. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine effects of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, on glucose metabolism. Three different cell models were used; adipocytes (3T3-L1), hepatocytes 4-6 days followed by treatment with insulin for 15 min to determine responses. Insulin stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by imidacloprid in all three cell culture models. Treatment with imidacloprid reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), one of the major regulators of insulin signaling, without changing overall AKT expression. Subsequently, imidacloprid reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K), which is a downstream target of AKT and also a feed-back inhibitor of insulin signaling. These results suggest that imidacloprid could induce insulin resistance by affecting the insulin signaling cascade, particularly up-stream of AKT, in adipocytes, liver, and muscle.

Permethrin alters glucose metabolism in conjunction with high fat diet by potentiating insulin resistance and decreases voluntary activities in female C57BL/6J mice

“…Links between exposures to organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides and increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes in both humans and animals have been reported previously (Amanvermez et al, 2010; Cox et al, 2007; Everett et al, 2010; J. Kim et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2006; Lee et al, 2007; Rignell-Hydbom et al, 2007; Ukropec et al, 2010).…”

“…Permethrin was previously reported to promote adipogenesis and induce insulin resistance in cell culture models, similar to other types of membrane-depolarizing insecticides (Howell et al, 2011; J. Kim et al, 2013, 2014; Moreno-Aliaga et al, 2002; Park et al, 2013; Shen et al, 2017; Sun, Qi, et al, 2016).…”

Permethrin Alters Adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Causes Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes

“…There is emerging evidence that exposures to organochlorine and organophosphorous insecticides are linked to increased weight gain and altered glucose homeostasis . Recently, we reported that imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, promoted adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and impaired insulin stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes , suggesting potential involvement of insecticides on these biochemical responses. Moreover, chronic exposures to pyrethroids have been linked to adverse effects, such as increased blood glucose levels in animals and humans and small but a significantly higher body mass index in male pesticide factory workers involved in the manufacturing of pyrethroid products .…”

Potential contribution of insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes

“…In particular, Pournourmohammadi et al (Pournourmohammadi et al, 2005) reported that this was due to increased activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase (PFK), which are the key enzymes regulating glycogenolysis and glycolysis, respectively. In addition, permethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) and imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid insecticide) were previously shown to induce insulin resistance in C2C12 muscle cells via Akt signaling (Kim et al, 2013, 2014a). …”

“…Although limited, other types of insecticides, such as carbamates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, are associated with development of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes as well (Montgomery et al, 2008; Narendra et al, 2008; Saldana et al, 2007; Sun et al, 2016b; Wang et al, 2011b). More recently, in vitro and in vivo studies reported that pyrethroids, a neonicotinoid, and a phenylpyrazole (fipronil), all were involved in potentiated adipogenesis and/or altered glucose responsiveness, as representative of obesity and type 2 diabetes, respectively (Kim et al, 2013, 2014a; Park et al, 2013; Shen et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2016a; Sun et al, 2016b). Moreover, reports of interaction between dietary fat and insecticides on these markers, further begs the question of the role of insecticides and health.…”