Imidacloprid-Enhanced Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Susceptibility to the Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae

Plant diseases generate challenging problems in commercial, agriculture and pose real economic threats to both conventional and organic farming systems. The red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) (RPW) is one of the most destructive pests of palms in the world. Nowadays, control methods revolve around treatments based on chemicals, biotechnological systems using semi-chemicals or the development of the sterile insect technique (hardly sustainable at this time) and biological control. Biological control as the use of natural microorganisms, extracted products from microorganisms or genetically improved to resist or eliminate of pathogens.Our aim was to evaluate the entomopathogenicity of indigenous Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae obtained in Gaza strip against larvae and adults of R. ferrugineus in order to identify indigenous strains potentially suitable for Red Palm Weevil biological control. B. bassiana & M. anisopliae were isolated from larvae and adult dead of RPW from different position of Gaza strip. Morphological analysis of the isolated fungi and molecular identification was determined using PCR technique. Also, the efficiency of the isolated fungi were evaluated under lab conditions and optimized as a biological agent. On the anther hand, the ability of treated RPW male to infect females is examined and calculated using Abbott's formula. Our results showed that the B. bassiana and M. anisopliae exhibited a good biological control agent against larvae and adults of RPW. The pathogenicity of the two most virulent isolates and the toxicity assay on larvae showed a highest mortality percentage nearly to 100% by 6 days after spraying the larvae with 3.4 × 10 8 spores/ml of B. bassiana.The mortality percentage reaches to 90% after spraying the larvae with 3.6 × 10 8 spores/ml of M. anisopliae. The mortality for the adults treated with pesticide arrives to 50% and the control group 10% at the same time. The results revealed that the infection of the adult males by Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can be disseminated into the healthy population, after RPW treatment with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. 110Our research concludes that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae locally isolated can be used as biological very effective.

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“…Similar trend in mycosis and sporulation were reported by Riasat, et al 2001 [41], in (Ramakrishnan, 1999) [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi M. anisopliae and B. bassiana against the Red Palm Weevil R. ferrugineus in Gaza Strip

Kichaoui¹,

Asaker²,

El-Hindi³

2017

AiM

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“…Synergism effects with imidacloprid and M. anisopliae have been reported for field-collected adult workers of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Ramakrishnan et al, 1999) and adult guava weevil (Conotrachelus psidii Marshall) (Brito et al, 2008). However, most reports of synergy between entomopathogenic fungi and imidacloprid come from tests conducted on immature insects (Furlong and Groden, 2001;Jaramillo et al, 2005;Purwar and Sachan, 2006;McCoy, 1997b, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated synergism when insects are treated both with imidacloprid and entomopathogenic fungi (Jaramillo et al, 2005;Ramakrishnan et al, 1999;Brito et al, 2008;Purwar and Sachan, 2006;Furlong and Groden, 2001;Kaakeh et al, 1997;McCoy, 1997b, 1998). Because the potential exists to augment the ALB eradication efforts by combining imidacloprid tree injections with fungal bands it becomes critical to investigate potential interactions between imidacloprid intoxication and fungal infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Russell

Ugine

Hajek

2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…Soldier termites from both colonies were collected and identiÞed as R. flavipes (N. Hostettler, personal communication). Termites were trapped and handled according to the method of Ramakrishnan et al (1999), and at the time of assay had been held in the laboratory Յ 14 d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Inhibition and Mortality inReticulitermes flavipes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) After Exposure to Imidacloprid-Treated Soils

Ramakrishnan¹,

Suiter²,

Nakatsu³

et al. 2000

J Econ Entomol

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Feeding inhibition and mortality of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) exposed to sand, sandy loam, loam, and silty clay loam soils treated with several concentrations of imidacloprid were studied using bioassay techniques under laboratory conditions. Termite workers stopped feeding after exposure to treated soils. Differences in feeding reduction varied among the soil types. Based on the magnitude of the F-statistics, the effect of imidacloprid on the reduction of termite feeding was greatest in sand followed by sandy loam, loam, and silty clay loam soils. Soil properties such as organic matter content, silt and clay proportions, pH, and cation exchange capacity were suggested to affect the bioavailability of imidacloprid. Similar soil effects on mortality were observed in termites continuously exposed to treated soil for 21 d. In three of four soils tested, susceptibility to imidacloprid was not affected by the source of the termites tested.

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Imidacloprid-Enhanced Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Susceptibility to the Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> against the Red Palm Weevil <i>R. ferrugineus</i> in Gaza Strip

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> against the Red Palm Weevil <i>R. ferrugineus</i> in Gaza Strip

Interactions between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Feeding Inhibition and Mortality inReticulitermes flavipes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) After Exposure to Imidacloprid-Treated Soils

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Imidacloprid-Enhanced Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Susceptibility to the Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi &lt;i&gt;M. anisopliae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;B. bassiana&lt;/i&gt; against the Red Palm Weevil &lt;i&gt;R. ferrugineus&lt;/i&gt; in Gaza Strip

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi &lt;i&gt;M. anisopliae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;B. bassiana&lt;/i&gt; against the Red Palm Weevil &lt;i&gt;R. ferrugineus&lt;/i&gt; in Gaza Strip

Interactions between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Feeding Inhibition and Mortality inReticulitermes flavipes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) After Exposure to Imidacloprid-Treated Soils

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Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> against the Red Palm Weevil <i>R. ferrugineus</i> in Gaza Strip

Isolation, Molecular Identification and under Lab Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> against the Red Palm Weevil <i>R. ferrugineus</i> in Gaza Strip