Imidacloprid residues in fruits, vegetables and water samples from Palestine

Daraghmeh, Ayman; Shraim, Amjad; Abul-Haj, S; Sansour, Ramzi; Ng, J. C.

doi:10.1007/s10653-006-9060-2

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Imidacloprid is usually not included in food monitoring programs of most countries; therefore, little information is available on residue data (Cox 2001). Similar results (0.01-0.3 mg/kg imidacloprid) were found in the study of Fernandez-Alba et al (2000) in all samples (n=45) of peppers, tomatoes, and cucumbers, while in the study of Daraghmeh et al (2007), imidacloprid was detected in all samples (n=32) of apples, eggplant, and potatoes with concentrations ranging from 0.24 up to 0.41 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk assessment of pesticide usage by farmers in Commewijne, Suriname, South America: a pilot study for the Alkmaar and Tamanredjo regions

Mahabali

Spanoghe

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Limited scientific work is available on pesticide use and exposure in Suriname. Therefore, research was conducted to assess the application, safety practices (use of personal protective equipment (PPEs)), and potential risk of pesticide use by means of a face-to-face questionnaire and determination of the international estimated short-term intake (IESTI)). The amount of pesticide used was compared with the label and the in the European Union (EU) authorized dose. The majority of the farmers was male between 41 and 60 years and followed a primary education only. Less than 5 % of farmers used non-authorized pesticides. Results showed that most farmers (58 up to 100 %) apply a dose, which is within 0-100 % of the regulated dose (label and EU). Good results were obtained for the use of most PPEs. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant difference between the different age classes, the different levels of education, and the use of PPEs. Pesticide residue analysis of four major crops showed that 22 % of the samples contained pesticides (13 % imidacloprid and 9 % chlorothalonil). The results for imidacloprid were higher than their respective maximum residue levels (MRLs) and were used for calculation of the IESTI. The highest observed IESTI value was 74.5 % of the EU acute reference dose (ARfD), giving rise to concern about pesticide usage. In Suriname, educational programs, good agricultural practices (GAP) training, sustainable agricultural practices, food monitoring studies, and legislative control mechanisms are urgently needed to protect farmer's health and the environment and to ensure food safety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk assessment of pesticide usage by farmers in Commewijne, Suriname, South America: a pilot study for the Alkmaar and Tamanredjo regions

Mahabali

Spanoghe

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The thermolability and high polarity of neonicotinoids make it difficult to analyze them by gas chromatography (GC) or GC‐MS, which require derivatization of the analytes prior to analysis (Lodevico and Li, ). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and HPLC–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) are currently preferred for the determination of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil in various matrices following the use of clean‐up procedures (Daraghmeh et al ., ; Shim et al ., ; Khay et al ., )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermolability and high polarity of neonicotinoids make it difficult to analyze them by gas chromatography (GC) or GC-MS, which require derivatization of the analytes prior to analysis (Lodevico and Li, 2002). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and HPLC-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) are currently preferred for the determination of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil in various matrices following the use of clean-up procedures (Daraghmeh et al, 2007;Shim et al, 2007;Khay et al, 2008) Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is a member of the Liliaceae family, which has been used traditionally as a spice since ancient times. Various biological effects have been reported for shallot, including antibacterial and anti-fungal properties (Yin and Tsao, 1999;Amin and Kapadnis, 2005), antioxidant properties (Leelarungrayub et al, 2006), potential anti-Helicobacter pylori effects (Adeniyi and Anyiam, 2004), peroxynitrite-scavenging capacity (Ho et al, 2010), and anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities (Mohammadi-Motlagh et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil in shallot (Allium ascalonicum) grown under greenhouse conditions using tandem mass spectrometry: establishment of pre‐harvest residue limits

Park

El‐Aty

et al. 2012

Biomedical Chromatography

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In this study, the original Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method was used for the extraction of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil followed by a rapid clean-up through dispersive solid-phase extraction technique with primary secondary amine sorbent and magnesium sulfate in shallot. Residues were analyzed using LC-tandem mass spectrometry in positive-ion electrospray ionization mode. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated to be 0.006 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The samples were fortified at two different concentration levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg), and the recoveries ranged between 79.7 and 83.9% with relative standard deviation values < 6%. The method was successfully applied for the establishment of the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRL). The rate of disappearance of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil on shallot was described with first-order kinetics (imidacloprid, y(2) = 0.9670; pyrimethanil, y(2) = 0.9841), with half-lives of 2.87 and 2.08 days, respectively. Based on the dissipation patterns of the pesticide residues, the PHRL was recommended at 7.86 mg/kg for 14 days (PHRL14 ) and 1.98 mg/kg for 7 days (PHRL7 ) before harvest for imidacloprid, and 21.64 mg/kg for 7 days (PHRL7 ) and 9.28 mg/kg for 4 days (PHRL4 ) before harvest for pyrimethanil in shallot.

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“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and HPLC-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) are currently preferred for the determination of imidacloprid in environmental samples following the use of clean-up procedures (Fernandez-Alba et al, 1996;Baskaran et al, 1997;Martínez Galera et al, 1998;Garrido Frenich et al, 2000;Blasco et al, 2002;Obana et al, 2002;Sannino et al, 2004;Di Muccio et al, 2006;Kanrar et al, 2006;Daraghmeh et al, 2007). The thermolability and high polarity of neonicotinoids make them difficult to analyze by gas chromatography (GC) or GC-MS, which requires derivatization of the analytes prior to analysis (MacDonald and Meyer, 1998;Lodevico and Li, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of extraction procedures for the determination of imidacloprid: application to residue analysis and dynamics of two formulations in Chinese cabbage

Khay

El‐Aty

Cho³

et al. 2008

Biomedical Chromatography

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This study was undertaken to investigate whether an additional column clean-up procedure can affect the accuracy of an analytical method developed for the determination of imidacloprid residues in Chinese cabbage. Thereafter, the residue levels and the degradation rates of imidacloprid were investigated in experimental Chinese cabbage plots after treatment with two different commercial formulations: emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP). The analyte was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UVD) and confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in the select ion-monitoring mode. The mean recoveries ranged from 75.34 to 98.00% and 96.95 to 100.97%, with relative standard deviations of 0.86-4.14 and 1.22-3.52%, in samples treated with and without additional column clean-up procedures, respectively. The minimum detectable amount of imidacloprid was 4 ng, while the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.2 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. The degradation of pesticide was monitored throughout a period of 13 days under greenhouse conditions. Although the behaviors of the EC and WP formulations appear to be similar, the absolute residue levels obtained with EC and WP treatments differed slightly. When imidacloprid formulations were applied (as foliar treatments) according to the recommended rate, the final residues (13 days post-treatment) in Chinese cabbage were much lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL = 3.5 ppm) established by the Korean Food and Drug Administration. Taken together, our study suggests that the analysis of imidacloprid can be performed without an additional column clean-up procedure, and the decline curve and the residue levels in Chinese cabbage could change if the same active ingredient is used in different formulations.

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Imidacloprid residues in fruits, vegetables and water samples from Palestine

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Risk assessment of pesticide usage by farmers in Commewijne, Suriname, South America: a pilot study for the Alkmaar and Tamanredjo regions

Risk assessment of pesticide usage by farmers in Commewijne, Suriname, South America: a pilot study for the Alkmaar and Tamanredjo regions

Analysis of imidacloprid and pyrimethanil in shallot (Allium ascalonicum) grown under greenhouse conditions using tandem mass spectrometry: establishment of pre‐harvest residue limits

Development of extraction procedures for the determination of imidacloprid: application to residue analysis and dynamics of two formulations in Chinese cabbage

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