Imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose solid proton conductor: synthesis, thermal properties, and conductivity

Tritt‐Goc, Jadwiga; Jankowska, I.; Pogorzelec‐Glaser, Katarzyna; Pankiewicz, Radosław; Ławniczak, Paweł

doi:10.1007/s10570-017-1555-8

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Thanks to the use of CNF, it was possible to obtain the first electrically stable composite based on a pure cellulose polymer matrix functionalized with imidazole. Previously synthesized composites based on other cellulose materials did not exhibit these properties (Jankowska et al 2020;Smolarkiewicz et al 2015;Tritt-Goc et al 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For 2CNF-Im only a wide peak associated with water evaporation, and a slight loss of imidazole (without a clear peak connected with this process) is observed on the DTG curve. Moreover, the broadening of the peak assigned to cellulose pyrolysis on DTG is noticeable, which is associated with degradation of the composite at higher temperatures than that needed for degradation of nanocrystalline composites (Tritt-Goc et al 2018). The nanocomposite based on CNF is more thermally stable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For both materials, the decomposition of polymer films begins above 220°C. For the nanocomposites based on CNC, the process of film degradation began above 180°C (Tritt-Goc et al 2018). The electrical conductivity of the new nanomaterial was studied by the impedance spectroscopy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose materials can be divided, among others by their structure on a dimensional scale into: microcrystalline cellulose (CMC), nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), cellulose microfibers (CMF), and CNF. Our group synthesized several anhydrous composites based on pure celluloses (CMC, CNC, CMF) functionalized with imidazole (Im), exhibit proton conductivity above the boiling point of water (Jankowska et al 2020;Smolarkiewicz et al 2015Smolarkiewicz et al , 2016Tritt-Goc et al 2018. Previously reported results (Jankowska et al 2018) allowed us to hypothesize that the functionalization of CNF with imidazole should be more effective and result in the higher conductivity values and the lower activation energy of the proton transport process in comparison to composites based on other cellulose materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New liquid-free proton conductive nanocomposite based on imidazole-functionalized cellulose nanofibers

et al. 2020

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The first successful attempt to synthesize a new proton conducting polymeric nanocomposite film based on pure cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as a polymer matrix functionalized on their surface with imidazole molecules (Im) as a dopant, was made. The 2CNF-Im nanomaterial contains on average one molecule of imidazole per 2 glucose units from cellulose chains. Water evaporation and thermal stability of 2CNF-Im were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was studied by the impedance spectroscopy. At 140 °C, the 2CNF-Im nanocomposite has a maximum conductivity of 7.0 × 10−3 S/m, i.e. four orders of magnitude higher than that of non-functionalized CNF matrix. The newly synthesized cellulose nanocomposite exhibits high electrical and thermal stability. In 2CNF-Im, the activation energy of the proton transport process is the lowest compared to the previously synthesized imidazole-functionalized composites based on other pure cellulose materials and equals 0.62 eV. The synthesized nanomaterial is liquid-free solid polymer electrolyte showing proton conductivity above the boiling point of water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New liquid-free proton conductive nanocomposite based on imidazole-functionalized cellulose nanofibers

et al. 2020

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“…The highest through-plane proton conductivity (i.e. 4.0 mS cm −1 at 160°C in anhydrous conditions) was obtained for a molar ratio of 1.3 between the glucose units of CNC and the imidazole molecules (corresponding to an estimated 22 wt% imidazole) (Tritt-Goc, et al, 2019;Tritt-Goc, et al, 2018). Figure 14A summarizes the anhydrous proton conductivity of CNC composites with imidazole or triazole, as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Nanocellulose Blends With Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Proton Conductivity in Cellulosic Materials

Selyanchyn

Lyth

2020

Front. Energy Res.

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Cellulose is derived from biomass and is useful in a wide range of applications across society, most notably in paper and cardboard. Nanocellulose is a relatively newly discovered variant of cellulose with much smaller fibril size, leading to unique properties such as high mechanical strength. Meanwhile, electrochemical energy conversion in fuel cells will be a key technology in the development of the hydrogen economy, but new lower cost proton exchange membrane (PEM) materials are needed. Nanocellulose has emerged as a potential candidate for this important application. In this review we summarize scientific developments in the area of cellulosic materials with special emphasis on the proton conductivity, which is the most important parameter for application in PEMs. We cover conventional cellulose and nanostructured cellulose materials, polymer composites or blends, and chemically modified cellulose. These developments are critically reviewed, and we identify interesting trends in the literature data. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this field.

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Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Phong

Nhi

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: In this study, we have fabricated a polymeric material (CNC/Im) consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) synthesized from Vietnamese rice husk biomass and imidazole (Im) dopant. Next, we propose a new approach to fabricate Nafion/CNC/imidazole (NCI) composite materials by mixing the CNC/imidazole hybrid into Nafion matrix using a very simple solution method, and then investigating the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. RESULTS: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the proton conductivity of the CNC/Im membrane depends on the linked molar ratio of Im to glucose units (denoted by the n index), and this value is higher than that of pure CNC by a factor of 6. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) showed that the value of the n index is around 1:17 with all the content ratios between CNC and Im. Next, we synthesized composite materials based on CNC/Im and Nafion 117 (NCI) and investigated the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. The results demonstrated that proton conductivity of the NCI membranes changes according to the content of Nafion 117, and reaches the highest value of 6.19 × 10 −4 S m -1 with an Nafion 117/(CNC/Im) ratio of 2:1. It was observed that the CNC fiber bundles were surrounded by a polymer layer and no phase separation occurs in the scanning electron micrographs of NCI materials.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prepared NCI composites will be potential materials for eco-friendly fuel cell operating in low humidity conditions.

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Imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose solid proton conductor: synthesis, thermal properties, and conductivity

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

New liquid-free proton conductive nanocomposite based on imidazole-functionalized cellulose nanofibers

New liquid-free proton conductive nanocomposite based on imidazole-functionalized cellulose nanofibers

A Review of Proton Conductivity in Cellulosic Materials

Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

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