Imiquimod‐side effects in the treatment of periocular skin cancers: A review of the literature

Avallone, Gianluca; Merli, Martina; Dell’Aquila, Carmen; Quaglino, Pietro; Ribero, Simone; Zalaudek, Iris; Conforti, Claudio

doi:10.1111/dth.15326

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No more than one sachet should be applied to a contiguous area during each application [ 11 , 31 ]. While treating periocular tumours, it is suggested to apply the product with a swab onto the lesion to avoid contact with the cornea or conjunctiva [ 20 ]. Occlusion should be avoided since it does not increase efficacy and causes more severe local reactions [ 1 , 14 , 32 ].…”

Section: Chemical Structure and Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among topical therapies, immune response modifiers (IRM) stand out for their direct and indirect stimulation of antitumor innate and adaptative immune responses, tissue-sparing and function-preserving properties [ 1 , 5 , 14 , 19 ]. Imiquimod (IM) is the most used topically applied IRM and was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 for the treatment of adult external genital and perianal warts [ 1 , 4 , 20 ]. Indications for head and scalp non-hypertrophic actinic keratoses (AK) and non-head and neck superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) were added in 2004 [ 1 , 11 , 13 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer

Garcia-Mouronte

Berna‐Rico

Nicolas-Ruanes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cutaneous cancers are, by far, the most common malignant neoplasms of the human being. Due to the great array of clinical conditions, their worldwide increasing incidence and the steady ageing of the population, non-invasive treatments modalities that show a good clinical response, a proper benefit–risk ratio and cosmetic results are becoming increasingly important in the clinical setting. Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator which is often used in the management of several premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders. This article is a review of the current literature on its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutical effects.

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Section: Chemical Structure and Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer

Garcia-Mouronte

Berna‐Rico

Nicolas-Ruanes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Although it may be well-tolerated, imiquimod has frequent local adverse effects that include erythema, erosions, ulcerations, vesicles, crust, pruritus, pain, and post-inflammatory pigmentation. When applied to the periocular region, it can also cause ocular stinging, swelling, redness, conjunctivitis, and even ectropion, keratitis, or corneal oedema [ 24 , 25 ]. This drug may also cause side effects at non-application sites such as flu-like systemic syndrome or distant inflammatory mucosal reactions [ 26 ].…”

Section: Immunotherapy In Melanoma In Situmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical and Intralesional Immunotherapy for Melanoma In Situ: A Review

Martínez-Fernández,

González-Sixto,

Espasandín-Arias

et al. 2023

Cancers

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The incidence of in situ melanoma (MIS) has increased over the last decades. The mainstay of treatment for MIS, including lentigo maligna (LM), is complete surgical excision with clear margins (0.5 to 1.0 cm). Nevertheless, MIS lesions often affect elderly patients with comorbidities and involve large lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas, which means surgery is not always appropriate. Non-surgical treatments have a role in these cases, and include radiotherapy, cryosurgery, immunotherapy, laser therapy, and other topical medications. This study aims to review the applications of immunotherapy in MIS, either in monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic alternatives. The main forms of immunotherapy used are imiquimod and, to a lesser extent, intralesional interferon-α (IL-INF-α) and ingenol mebutate (IM). IL-INF-α and IM have not been studied as extensively as imiquimod, whose results in real-life practice are encouraging. The clearance and recurrence rates reported in MIS treated with imiquimod as monotherapy, or as an adjuvant after surgery with affected or narrow margins, make imiquimod a reliable therapeutic alternative in selected cases. Also, its use as a neoadjuvant therapy before surgery was shown to reduce the final surgical defect size required to confirm negative histologic margins. In conclusion, local immunotherapy is frequently used in clinical practice and experience confirms it to be an excellent option for certain patients.

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“…Most of these issues were however generally mild and resolved a few days after withdrawal of the drug. 4 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these issues were however generally mild and resolved a few days after withdrawal of the drug. 4 To our knowledge, only three cases reporting application of topical imiquimod 3.75% for SCC have been published to now, one localized in the penis, one in the scalp, and one in the cheek. 5 However, no data are available for the treatment of locally advanced SCC in the periocular region with topical 3.75% imiquimod.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete response of locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid to topical imiquimod 3.75%

Toso

Tronconi

Cortese

et al. 2022

Dermatologic Therapy

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An 80-year-old man with a history of fibromyalgia, arthralgias, and arterial hypertension presented for the recurrence of a skin lesion on the right infraorbital region. Three years earlier, an incisional biopsy reported actinic keratosis and the lesion was treated with cryotherapy and topical diclofenac 3% gel, with only partial improvement.On physical examination, an erythematous, scaly, welldemarcated plaque of 5.5 cm in diameter was present on the lower eyelid, extending to the medial canthus of the right eye. Ectropion was also evident (Figure 1A). Histological examination of a new incisional biopsy revealed the presence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ with a focal invasion of the dermis (Figure 1B).

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Imiquimod‐side effects in the treatment of periocular skin cancers: A review of the literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer

Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer

Topical and Intralesional Immunotherapy for Melanoma In Situ: A Review

Complete response of locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid to topical imiquimod 3.75%

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