In order to improve the vibration responses of rotor system, this paper presents an active vibration control technique for a rotor-bearing-actuator system with the use of robust eigenvalue placement method. By analyzing the characteristics of the piezoelectric stack actuator, bearing and rotor, a rotor-bearing-actuator system is modeled. Based on this dynamical model, a reduced-order technique is used to establish the state equation in the modal space. A robust eigenvalue placement method, which can enhance the robustness of system to model error and uncertain factors by optimizing the close-loop eigenmatrix with a small condition number, is proposed to carry out the active vibration control for system. The good results indicate that the eigenvalue can be placed to precise position, and the displacement responses get effectively suppressed with the proposed method. Meanwhile, the optimized close-loop eigenmatrix can possess a small condition number, which means the system has achieved excellent robustness.