Immaterialgüterrecht und Entwicklung

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag stellt im Überblick dar, welche Bedeutung das Immaterialgüterrecht (IP) für die Entwicklung einzelner Volkswirtschaften und die globale Wissensgesellschaft hat. In einem ersten Abschnitt wird erläutert, dass in der Geschichte des Immaterialgüterrechts die Vorstellung dominierte, dass Immaterialgüterrechte technologischem und sonstigem Fortschritt zuträglich sind. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird gezeigt, dass dieses lineare Expansions-Narrativ aus ökonomischer und wirtschaftshistorischer Sicht als widerlegt gelten muss. Dazu werden die Argumente der IP-Optimisten und die Gegenargumente der IPPessimisten anhand empirischer Studien bewertet. Der Beitrag schließt mit sozialwissenschaftlichen und normativen Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die künftige Ausgestaltung des internationalen Immaterialgüterrechts. Abstract:The article gives an overview of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and development. The first section shows that the dominant assumption in the history of IP was that IP rights are generally favorable to socio-economic progress. The second section explains that economic and historical research has proven this linear expansionist narrative to be untenable. In doing so, the article compares the arguments of IP optimists with counterarguments of IP pessimists in light of empirical studies. The final section addresses the consequences of these findings for the future of the international IP system.

Transnational Intellectual Property Governance on the Internet

“…urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-567610 supported only by one or few possibly unspecified IP laws, is problematic. 120 Selfregulatory procedures with worldwide effects also raise concerns as regards their lack of transparency and the difficulty to attribute responsibility to the private and public actors involved. 121 It is feared that far-reaching measures like website blocking can lead to "privatized censorship of online material and other interferences with fundamental rights without a clear legal way of redress or appropriate safeguards such as due process".…”

Cathode Sputtering

“…This, as in evaporation, is overcome by an appropriate mechanical motion of the substrate table so that each substrate is exposed to the same average flux. Table 6.2 shows some examples of sputter technology application, including the film functions and the materials used, and in Table 6.3 the respective requirements of the arranged targets are shown [37]. Targets are manufactured in vacuum by induction or electron-beam melting with subsequent casting into the desired form.…”

“…The target is bonded on a water-cooled disk in order to dissipate the heat caused from the ion bombardment [37,38]. Circular magnetrons (sputter guns or "S" guns) in which the cathode is in the form of a ring that surrounds a planar disk-shaped anode are also popular (Fig.…”

Political Contestation and Internal Strife: Socialist and Anarchist German Newspapers in London, 1878–1910

“…He noted that social democratic leaders had unsuccessfully sought to take over the Londoner Arbeiter-Zeitung and 'steer heretical London back towards the course of the only true social democratic church' . 61 His apparent appreciation of the paper is striking as its editor Ferdinand Gilles remained hostile to anarchism. 62 Peukert's comments highlight the possibility of a dialogue between radical social democrats in the Second Section and the anarchist circle surrounding Die Autonomie .…”