Immature stages of Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson, 1877) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini), with notes on rearing detritivorous hairstreaks on artificial diet

Abstract

Details of egg, larval, and pupal morphology are described and illustrated for Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson). In particular, larval chaetotaxy is documented for the first time in Calycopis. Lab methods for inducing wild-caught Calycopis females to lay eggs and for rearing larvae on artificial diet are reported. These methods may be useful in several ways in resolving the basic taxonomy of Calycopis. Evidence concerning detritivory and myrmecophily in C. caulonia is discussed.

Natural history of the mistletoe-feeding Thereus lomalarga (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia

“…Although our sample size is small, the trend of all three Thereus species is that females emerge before males (protogyny), contrary to the general protandry in butterflies (Wiklund & Fagerström 1977, Morbey 2013. Studies on several species of Calycopis (Duarte et al 2005, Duarte & Robbins 2009), and observations on Lamprospilus (unpublished data) have found the same trend. In T. lomalarga the shorter time of female development is due to a shorter pupal stage; in other stages there were no significant differences.…”

“…Crypsis is widespread among eumaeine caterpillars (e.g., Monteiro 1991, Duarte et al 2005, Kaminski & Freitas 2012, Schmid et al 2010, including the larvae of T. lomalarga. The green morph has dorsal protuberances similar to the fruits of O. alveolatus.…”

Morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de heliconíneos neotropicais: VII. Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

“…Grupo clipeal (C): cerdas C1 e C2. Grupo céfalo-dorsal (CD sensu Duarte et al 2005): não visível em vista frontal, mas representado pelas microcerdas CD1, CD2 e CD3, localizadas posteriormente à P2; poro CDa entre CD1 e CD2. Grupo frontal (F): cerda F1; poro Fa, localizado entre as F1.…”

Description and phylogenetic analysis of the Calycopidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): a subtribe of detritivores

“…As noted, Calycopis species level taxonomy is poorly resolved, but the ease of rearing immatures (e.g., Duarte et al 2005;Duarte & Robbins 2009) has the potential for substantively improving this situation by allowing males and females to be associated and by providing morphological characters of the immature stages.…”