Immediate antecedents to adolescents' offenses

Howell, Andrew J.; Reddon, John R.; Enns, Richard A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199706)53:4<355::aid-jclp8>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Delinquency included thoughts and actions supportive of law-breaking behavior; Negative Affectivity included a broad array of negative emotional states and social isolation; and Aggression included thoughts and behaviors associated with interpersonal conflict. The factors were compatible with those emerging in the original research (Howell et al, 1997). Compared with the earlier research, there were fewer items with multivocal loadings.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The original version of the HRSQ-YO (Howell et al, 1997) listed 71 potential antecedents to the offenses of adolescents. While the relapse prevention model upon which the HRSQ-YO was developed draws on earlier work with sexual offenders and substance abusers, the HRSQ-YO was developed within the context of young offender treatment.…”

Section: High Risk Situations Questionnaire For Young Offenders (Hrsqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agnew's (1990) examination of single, general motives precluded the consideration of the relationship between, and underlying structure of, the multiple behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that may precede a specific offense. More recently, Howell, Reddon, and Enns (1997) sought to understand the multiple, specific antecedents which precede adolescents' offenses, their relation to each other, and their relation to different categories of offense behavior. A sample (n = 115) of adjudicated male and female adolescents undergoing psychiatric assessment judged the extent to which each of 71 behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and situations was an important precipitant to a past offense.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current research we sought to replicate the findings of Howell et al (1997) with a second sample of adolescent offenders. We predicted that similar factors would emerge, and that a similar pattern would emerge on the factors when comparing property and violent offenses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the High Risk Situations Questionnaire for Young Offenders in a Forensic Hospital

Howell

Reddon

Enns

2000

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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One hundred and six adolescent offenders completed the High Risk Situations Questionnaire for Young Offenders (HRSQ-YO), an instrument designed to assess the self-reported importance of various antecedents to a past, highly salient offense. Principal components analysis of responses to the 66 HRSQ-YO items resulted in three factors which were rotated to a varimax criterion and labelled Delinquency, Negative Affectivity, and Aggression. Consistent with previous findings, Delinquency factor scores were significantly higher for property offenses than for violent offenses, whereas Aggression factor scores were significantly higher for violent offenses than for property offenses. Negative Affectivity scores also tended to be higher for violent offenses than for property offenses. Implications of the results for the rehabilitation of adolescent offenders are discussed. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: ]

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: High Risk Situations Questionnaire For Young Offenders (Hrsqmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the High Risk Situations Questionnaire for Young Offenders in a Forensic Hospital

Howell

Reddon

Enns

2000

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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“…The intervention programme for young men who had been sexually violent in which I worked, like most such programmes available, was operated by a government department. It was designed within a psychological paradigm and encompassed a 'treatment' approach, which included the use of cognitive-behaviour therapy (see for example, Hollin, 1990;Hollin & Howells, 1996;Howell, Reddon, & Enns, 1997;Howells, 2004). The scientist-practitioner type of approach placed the therapist as the expert who could effectively challenge and confront and who could teach offenders skills with the aim of them changing their behaviour.…”

Section: Table 2 Explanations From Young Men Who Have Been Sexually Violentmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Re)Thinking Young Men's Violence: a Discursive Critique of Dominant Constructions

Grace¹

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<p>Legitimated and thereby dominant knowledges of youth violence that aim to explain its causes and develop ways of responding are primarily informed by a positivist scientifically-based mainstream psychology. The purpose of this thesis is to offer ways of (re)thinking youth violence outside of an objectivist paradigm. By examining the significant contextual issues and numerous complexities involved for young men who have been violent, this research critically analyses normative notions of youth violence. The theoretical and methodological foundation for this research employed a critical psychology framework along with a discourse analysis approach informed by poststructural concepts derived, primarily, from Michel Foucault. This research foundation has enabled the dominant constructions of youth violence that are reflected and (re)produced by mainstream psychology to be disrupted and hence the modernist assumptions in the positivist scientific basis of mainstream psychology are questioned. The participants in this study were seven young New Zealand men, aged between 14 and 17, who were incarcerated for violent offences. A poststructural discourse analysis of interviews with these young men critically examined the ways they spoke about their violence, their explanations for it as well as their ideas about intervention. My analysis shows that dominant constructions of youth violence that are (re)produced in mainstream psychology theories as taken-for-granted truths, can position violent young men as 'abnormal', 'deviant' and 'dangerous'. However, participants resisted these pathologising and demonising positions. Instead, they embraced the rational position of 'man'. Dominant discourses around traditional masculinity were identified as being of paramount importance to these young men and showed that successfully performing the subject position of 'man' took precedence for them. Being violent acted as a means for participants to achieve 'being a man'. Against this, therapeutic intervention designed to prevent future violence was viewed as irrelevant to these young men. In addition, the 'therapeutic subject' position made available within discourses of intervention did not enable young men to perform 'man' correctly. Contradictions are highlighted in this thesis, showing the multiple subjectivities of the participants, along with various effects of the differing discourses. This was most pronounced in the differences revealed in participants' talk of their general violence compared to their sexual violence. Since general violence was constructed as a way of 'getting it right as a man', participants spoke in considerable detail about their activities. However, participants were reluctant to talk about their sexual violence and silences predominated. As an alternative, they took up an 'unknowing' position about why they were sexually violent. Sexual violence was constructed as irrational and therefore unknowable. In contrast to not wanting intervention for their general violence, participants talked of a willingness to engage with therapeutic intervention. They positioned intervention experts as being able to make rational sense of their sexual violence and spoke of expectations that this would stop them from being sexually violent again. The limitations of traditional approaches to youth violence have been highlighted in this research. Such approaches are unable to attend to the contextual issues presented here or the complexities of multiple subjectivities. The construction of violence as a way to perform 'man' contests discourses of 'abnormality' that positions young men who have been violent as 'disordered' and 'deviant'. Future theorising about youth violence and subsequent intervention approaches require attending to the significance that normative notions of 'manhood' have in the (re)production of violence.</p>

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Preadolescent adjudicative competence: methodological considerations and recommendations for practice standards

Oberlander

Goldstein

Ho³

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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This article examines developmental and legal issues directed toward a downward age extension of forensic evaluation practice standards for preadolescent defendants whose competence is questioned. Existing research and practice standards were developed for cases involving adolescents and adults, but they lack sufficient application to evaluations of young children because of the ways in which legal parameters affect young children. We review practice implications of the legal role of "immaturity" for adjudicative competence, alterations of Dusky in some juvenile courts, and the role of parens patriae in competence hearings held in juvenile court. We examine competence abilities in a developmental framework. Examining practice standards is timely because adjudicative competence in preadolescent defendants has taken on recent significance. The last decade saw changes in the stringency of delinquency statutes, increased emphasis on adversarial approaches to juvenile proceedings, and a de-emphasis on rehabilitation and parens patriae protections. Statutory changes and increased referrals have heightened inquiry into the meaning of preadolescent adjudicative competence.

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Immediate antecedents to adolescents' offenses

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Validating the High Risk Situations Questionnaire for Young Offenders in a Forensic Hospital

Validating the High Risk Situations Questionnaire for Young Offenders in a Forensic Hospital

(Re)Thinking Young Men's Violence: a Discursive Critique of Dominant Constructions

Preadolescent adjudicative competence: methodological considerations and recommendations for practice standards

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