Immediate effects of using insoles with various wedges on activation and co-contraction indices of selected trunk muscles during load lifting

Footwear comfort: a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature

“…Furthermore, the effect of insole customisation is unclear. Fully customised orthoses have been reported to be more comfortable than semi-customised insoles in runners [ 36 ], while reductions in comfort have been observed with the addition of anterior wedges when performing a load lifting task [ 46 ] and lateral forefoot posting when cycling [ 21 ].…”

“…Most studies were laboratory‐based, repeated measures designs where comfort was measured under different footwear and/or insole conditions [14, 15, 18, 20–23, 25–30, 33, 35–39, 41, 43–48, 50–55, 57, 58, 60–71, 73–79, 81–87, 89, 90, 93, 97, 98, 100–105], but there were also 13 surveys [1, 3, 9–11, 16, 19, 24, 40, 56, 88, 92, 96], eight clinical trials [12, 34, 42, 49, 59, 94, 95, 99], three qualitative studies [13, 17, 91] and three reviews [5, 7, 72]. Sample s...…”

“…The anchor statements indicating the lowest possible comfort score included ‘not comfortable at all’ [19–22, 25, 26, 30, 39, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 61–65, 73, 79, 82–85, 89, 93], ‘very uncomfortable’ [27, 28, 40, 41, 45, 46, 58, 68, 74, 78, 79, 98], ‘least comfortable’ [44, 76, 80, 90], ‘extremely uncomfortable’ [48, 59, 89], ‘not comfortable’ [71, 75], ‘not at all comfortable’ [15, 18], ‘not acceptable’ [37, 70], ‘totally disagree’ [10], ‘least comfortable imaginable’ [35], ‘not satisfactory’ [42], ‘very bad comfort’ [43], ‘very, very low’ [47], ‘minimum comfort’ [69], ‘maximal pain/discomfort’ [99], ‘not very comfortable’ [100], ‘completely uncomfortable’ [104], ‘extremely bad’ [57] and ‘unbearable discomfort’ [87]. The anchor statements indicating the highest possible comfort score included ‘most comfortable imaginable’ [19–22, 25, …”

“…Following title and abstract review there were 120 relevant documents, and after full‐text screening 77 documents were included. The Footwear Science search identified 104 documents which was reduced to 24 after full‐text review, giving a combined total of 101 documents [1, 3, 5, 7, 9–105] (see Fig. 1).…”

“…A wide range of measurement tools have been used to quantify comfort, including simple dichotomous responses [11,12,29,94], ranking footwear conditions in order of preference [14, 31-33, 36, 47, 48, 52, 60, 63-65, 76, 77, 79, 81], 4-point [42,80], 5-point [37,40,45,58,70,76,97], 6-point [59], 7-point [47,64,79,87], 9-point [57] and 12-point [41] Likert scales, 10-point numerical rating scales [43,78], and 100 mm [15, 16, 18-21, 27, 28, 30, 35, 39, 48, 49, 53, 56, 63-65, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74, 77, 79, 82, 85, 89, 90, 93, 99, 104, 105], 150 mm [22,25,26,36,46,50,55,61,62,66,69,75,83,84,98,100] and 170 mm [44] visual analog scales. The anchor statements indicating the lowest possible comfort score included 'not comfortable at all' [19-22, 25, 26, 30, 39, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 61-65, 73, 79, 82-85, 89, 93], 'very uncomfortable' [27,…”