“…A number of materials have been tried as regenerative materials, including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, bioabsorbable membranes, demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA), freeze dried bone allografts, bone autografts, hard tissue replacement polymer, hydroxyapatite, xenografts, growth and differentiation factors, and particulate and block grafting materials. None of these materials has shown any superior clinical outcome in bone regeneration when compared in vivo, however 9,42) . Moreover, although DFDBA and modified hydroxyapatite granules have been used extensively in regenerative procedures, to the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have supported their use in immediate implant placement.…”