Immediate Reactions in the Skin of Experimental Animals Provoked by Antibody-Antigen Interaction*

1,177

243

We have studied the leukocyte-dependent mechanism of histamine release (LDHR) from rabbit platelets, a complement-independent mechanism which has been implicated in the deposition of immune complexes in acute serum sickness of rabbits. It was found by chromatography and passive transfer of serum from immunized rabbits that the antibody responsible for the LDHR was of IgE type. By electron microscope study of the reaction, the leukocyte involved in agglutination of platelets and release of their histamine content was identified as the basophil. Upon addition of antigen, basophils sensitized with IgE degranulated, released their histamine content and a platelet-activating factor (PAF) that caused aggregation of platelets and release of their histamine. Conditions of preparing and preserving PAF activity and some properties of this factor have been elucidated. LDHR must, therefore, be considered as an immediate hypersensitivity-type mechanism which may link allergic reactions with immunologic disease associated with severe structural injury.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte-Dependent Histamine Release From Rabbit Platelets

Benveniste

Henson

Cochrane

1972

1,177

243

“…The IgGa fraction was obtained by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE[DE-52])-cellulose chromatography (14) and concentrated to the volume of serum applied. These fractions had PCA activity (15) in rats up to a dilution of 1:16; PCA tests were performed after a latent period of 2 hr. All activity was heat stable, and there was no reaction if the latent period was extended to 48 or 72 hr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGE AND IGGA ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM RAT PERITONEAL CELLS

Bach

Bloch

Austen

1971

The optimum conditions for antigen-induced release of histamine in the rat IgE and IgGa antibody-mediated systems were studied in vitro. The IgE antibody-mediated reaction could be separated into two steps: preparation of target cells with antibody and challenge with antigen. The optimal conditions for these two steps were distinctly different. Release of histamine by IgGa antibody and antigen could not be separated into two steps, and the optimal conditions for the total reaction were identical to those of the antigen challenge step of the IgE antibody-mediated system.

“…Passive Cutaneous Anapkylaxis.--Pa~ve cutaneous mmphylaxis was performed as described (23). Intraeutaneous injections of 0.1 ml aliquots of serial dilutions of homologous antiserum or antiserum fractions were made into the shaved backs of albino guinea pigs weighing approximately 300 g. 4 hr later, the anlm~ls were injected intravenously with 1 ml of solution cont~inlng 1 nag of antigen in 0.5% Evans' blue dye.…”

Section: Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis Larvae Were Supplied By Dr R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies Involved in Antigen-Induced Release of Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (Srs-A) in the Guinea Pig and Rat

Stechschulte

Austen

Bloch

1967

100

The antigen-induced release of SRS-A and histamine was studied in the guinea pig and rat using whole and fractionated antiserum preparations. Guinea pig 7Sγ1-antibody sensitized sliced guinea pig lung tissue for antigen-induced release of both SRS-A and histamine; neither substance was released from lung tissue prepared with 7Sγ1-antibody. Rats injected intraperitoneally with hyperimmune rabbit or rat antiserum released only SRS-A in significant amounts when challenged with antigen by the same route. A definite time interval between the injection of antiserum and challenge with antigen was required for optimal release of SRS-A. Fractionation of rat antiserum demonstrated that the immunoglobulin responsible for most of the SRS-A release from rat peritoneal tissue was a γG-antibody or fraction thereof. Acting in this capacity, the γG-antibody or its subfraction may be considered a second type of homocytotropic antibody. Fractions of rat antisera containing the first type of homocytotropic antibody, i.e. antibody mediating release of histamine and serotonin, prepared peritoneal tissues for the release of large amounts of these pharmacological agents and only small amounts of SRS-A. Two different mechanisms for the production of PCA lesions in the rat were considered. One of these involves the antigen-induced release of histamine and serotonin from mast cells sensitized by homocytotropic antibody. This reaction has an optimal latent period of 24–72 hr. The second mechanism involves the local combination of antigen with "hyperimmune" heterologous or homologous antisera. This reaction can be elicited after a latent period of 4 but not 24 hr; host complement and leukocyte lysosomal enzymes, as well as SRS-A, may be involved.