2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5763743
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Immediate Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Reduces Brain Nitrotyrosine Formation in a Piglet Asphyxia Model

Abstract: Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is a promising therapeutic intervention that could be administered as an alternative to cooling in cases of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In the current study we hypothesized that RIPostC in the piglet model of birth asphyxia confers protection by reducing nitrosative stress and subsequent nitrotyrosine formation, as well as having an effect on glial immunoreactivity. Postnatal day 1 (P1) piglets underwent HI brain injury and were randomised to HI (control) or HI +… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…However, aspects of our study suggest that exendin-4 may act to maintain neuronal viability and modulate neuroinflammation. Microglia, astroglia and endothelial cells are a source of inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species after HIE ( Dietrich, 2002 ; Hagberg et al , 2015 ; Rocha-Ferreira et al , 2016 ). In our study, four high dose treatments of exendin-4 started either immediately or 2 h post-hypoxia-ischaemia significantly reduced proliferation of microglia and its morphological change into phagocytic amoeboid microglia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, aspects of our study suggest that exendin-4 may act to maintain neuronal viability and modulate neuroinflammation. Microglia, astroglia and endothelial cells are a source of inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species after HIE ( Dietrich, 2002 ; Hagberg et al , 2015 ; Rocha-Ferreira et al , 2016 ). In our study, four high dose treatments of exendin-4 started either immediately or 2 h post-hypoxia-ischaemia significantly reduced proliferation of microglia and its morphological change into phagocytic amoeboid microglia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Microglial activation was assessed using semi-quantitative score as previously described ( Rocha-Ferreira et al , 2015 ), with a scale of: 0 (no activation, ramified microglia) to 4 (widespread amoeboid microglia). GFAP, ICAM1 and CD68 immunoreactivity was measured by quantitative thresholding image analysis using Image Pro Premier software (Media Cybernetics) as previously described ( Rocha-Ferreira et al , 2016 ). In brief, three non-overlapping RGB images from the assessed brain regions were captured using a live video camera (Nikon, DS-Fi1) mounted onto a Nikon eclipse E600 microscope at ×40 magnification for both GFAP and ICAM1 stainings.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The function of the includers was visually tested during each surgery by inflating for a few seconds, so we know the blood flow was blocked. Inflatable vascular occluders are advantageous compared to vascular clips, as cerebral ischemia and reperfusion can be induced, simply by inflation and deflation, while the animal is in the stereotaxic frame and adenosine measurements are being collected [ 36 , 42 , 43 ]. Previous reports have shown that induction of cerebral ischemia through 30 min of BCCAO causes significant neurological deficit and reduction in sensorimotor coordination, swelling of neuronal cells, oxidative stress disruption of cell membrane, and shrinkage of the nucleus [ 31 , 44 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, hyperoxia inactivates NO through excess release of superoxide anions suppressing the basal vasorelaxing action of NO and leading to marked vasoconstriction in the brain capillary network [ 139 ]. Another consequence of the reaction of NO with superoxide anions is the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), a destructive radical capable of nitrating tyrosine residues in many proteins to form nitrotyrosine adducts, which therefore may become reliable markers of cell damage, because its level is inversely proportional to neuroprotection [ 140 ]. While hypoxia, or neonatal asphyxia, upregulates nitrotyrosine formation [ 141 ], the effect led by hyperoxia is not as clear.…”
Section: Nitric Oxidementioning
confidence: 99%