Immediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events and Suicide Following a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Prospective Cohort Study

Fall, Katja; Fang, Fang; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Ye, Weimin; Andrén, Ove; Johansson, Jan‐Erik; Andersson, Swen‐Olof; Sparén, Pär; Klein, Georg; Stampfer, Meir J.; Adami, Hans‐Olov; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000197

Cited by 110 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Being informed about diagnose of prostate cancer may also serve as a stressor of substantial weight. About 20% of the prostate cancer patients were reported as having no one to confide in [18]. On the basis of above results bring a hypothesis of the weights function in a framework of feedback paradigm as the psychological code.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Probabilities are the killer by information [9]. Sensory information itself, as first communication of diagnosis, may act as psychic stressor, psychological weapon (of mass destruction) due stress-related brain disorders [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excess risks were highest during the first week after diagnosis, suggesting that stress of diagnosis itself plays a critical role. The emotional stress as an information itself caused a cardiovascular morbidity increase immediately after communication of the diagnosis [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If activity of a given choice becomes sufficiently strong, then it should be allowed to suppress its opponent and conclusively win the competition. But the cost of reinstating homeostasis also might become too high, causing through WTAIs an allostatic load with increased risk of mental illness [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] …”

Section: Adaptational Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programming of transcription and HPA responses to stress

Skopec¹

2017

Virol Res Rev

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The signaling pathways link neuronal activity to transcription, revealing both the transcription factors that mediate this process and the neuronal activity-regulated genes. The neuronal activity regulates a complex program of gene expression involved in many aspects of neuronal development. Human genetic studies have revealed that the disruption of the activity-regulated gene expression program in humans gives rise to neurological disorders. Social states can affect health in further life. It is a completely revolutionary idea. Stress changes methylation and influence the whole life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptational Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programming of transcription and HPA responses to stress

Skopec¹

2017

Virol Res Rev

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“…Currently, the social impact of cancer is that it is considered a sort of ''death sentence''. Recent reports suggest that a cancer diagnosis significantly increases the risks of cardiovascular events and suicides, as it occurs in prostate cancer patients 51 . Therefore, a first step in the enterprise aimed at changing the current strategy against cancer is to trigger a profound social revolution in the conception of cancer; in turn trying to make that cancer will become a disease, most conceivably a chronic disease, not a sentence to die anymore.…”

Section: Consequences Of a Nonmainstream Strategy In Cancer Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonmainstream approach against cancer

Fais

2016

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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The discovery of antibiotics as specific and effective drugs against infectious agents has generated the belief that the famous Paul Erlich theory on magic bullet should be applied to cancer as well. However, after around 60 years of failures in finding a magic bullet against cancer, a question appears mandatory: does the magic bullet against cancer really exist? In trying to understand more on the issue, we propose three discoveries are coming from a nonmainstream approach against cancer. Tumor is acidic, and tumor acidity impairs drugs entering within tumor cells and isolates tumors from the rest of the body. Proton pumps are key in allowing tumor cells to live in the acidic microenvironment. A class of antiacidic drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), were shown to have a potent anti-tumor effect, through inhibition of proton pumps in tumor cells. PPIs are indeed prodrugs needing acidity to be activated into the active molecule. So they use protonation by H+ as an activating mechanism, while the vast majority of drugs are totally neutralized by protonation. An anti-tumor therapy based on PPI showed to be effective both in vitro and in vivo. Differently from normal cells, cancer cells meet their energy needs in great part by fermentation, and it appears conceivable that hypoxia and low nutrient transform tumor cells into fermenting anaerobes. This suggests that cancer cells are more similar to unicellular organisms, aimed at surviving in a continuous fighting, rather than cooperating, with other cells, as it occurs in the normal homeostasis of our body. We have shown that cancer cells take their fuel by ''cannibalizing'' other cells, either dead or alive, especially when starved and in acidic condition. This finding led to the discovery of a new oncogene TM9SF4 that human malignant cell shares with amoebas. The evidence is accumulating that almost all the cells release extracellular vehicles (EVs), from micro-to nanosize, which shuttle a variety of molecules. Tumor cells, particularly when stressed in their hostile microenvironment, release high levels of EVs, able to interact with target cells in various ways, within an organ or at a distance. They may represent both valuable tumor biomarker and shuttles for drugs with anti-tumor properties. This article wants to burst a real change in future anti-cancer strategies, based on the idea that tumors are much more common features than specific molecular targets.

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Cardiovascular Primary Prevention

Prasad

Vandross

2012

Arch Intern Med

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Recent trials in cardiovascular medicine have contradicted current practice, and, accordingly, are medical reversals. Extended-release niacin and fenofibrate have failed to provide mortality benefit when added to statin therapy, though both drugs have been used for this purpose for years. Cardiovascular primary prevention is no small matter. Annual spending on statins exceeded $19 billion in 2005, ezetimibe cost over $5 billion in 2007, and fenofibrate costs passed $1 billion in 2009. Given the tremendous price of these medications, and recent trials that have undermined years of practice, we propose that the bar for cardiovascular primary prevention has been raised. Large studies must show improvements in overall mortality before novel agents are recommended and used. The implications of this proposal are considered.

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Immediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events and Suicide Following a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: Katja Fall and Fang Fang and colleagues find that men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and suicide.

Cited by 110 publications

References 22 publications

Programming of transcription and HPA responses to stress

Programming of transcription and HPA responses to stress

A nonmainstream approach against cancer

Cardiovascular Primary Prevention

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