Immersion Cooling of Electronics in DoD Installations

Coles, Henry; Herrlin, Magnus K.

doi:10.2172/1375005

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A P2PIC tank containing 680 L of C 2 F 5 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 liquid was installed in a 280 m 2 conventional raised floor datacenter at the U.S. Naval Research Lab as part of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)‐funded project to evaluate P2PIC . Adaptation for immersion of the existing computer hardware forced a large 84 × 97 cm meter tank opening.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exposure assessment approach for potential thermal degradation compounds in 2‐phase immersion cooling operations

Tuma¹,

Schulz

Bonk

et al. 2018

Process Safety Progress

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Passive 2‐phase immersion cooling (P2PIC) is a technique for cooling computers with the potential to reduce capital and operating costs within datacenters. Computers cooled by P2PIC are submerged in a fluorochemical liquid that boils (hence 2‐phase) from the heat generating components. Although the tanks in which this is done are normally sealed and vented outdoors, they are opened periodically for maintenance. The volatility of the liquids suggests the need for risk assessments relating to inhalation of the liquids' vapor under these normal operating conditions. Fourier transfer infrared vapor concentration measurements gathered during spill and transfer simulation and at two proof‐of‐concept P2PIC installations show inhalation concentrations substantially below exposure guidelines. Liquids can be thermally decomposed under certain failure scenarios to create decomposition products with greater hazard and risk profiles. A methodology is presented for estimating possible human exposure to such products. The exposure levels that result are interpreted in the context of the most toxic of the thermal decomposition products known to form and suggest employee exposure substantially below published occupational exposure and emergency response guidelines. Fluid conditioning systems and gas monitoring equipment further reduce the risk of human exposure to fluid vapor and thermal decomposition products. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:369–375, 2018

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive 2‐phase immersion cooling (P2PIC) is being explored for the power density and energy efficiency that can be achieved . From an industrial hygiene perspective, a P2PIC tank is most akin to a vapor degreaser commonly associated with industrial cleaning operations (Figure a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exposure assessment approach for potential thermal degradation compounds in 2‐phase immersion cooling operations

Tuma¹,

Schulz

Bonk

et al. 2018

Process Safety Progress

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“…Heat pumps, using an immersion cooling system instead of water-to-air-reversible heat pumps, and the replacement with LED and SSD systems can increase energy efficiency compared to the status quo of the data center. Compared with air-cooled systems, immersion cooling systems allow one to save cooling energy in the range of 22% to 53% [46,47]. In the analyzed study case an improvement of energy efficiency of 41% could be identified.…”

Section: Planning Actions For Nzess In a German Data Centermentioning

confidence: 97%

A Vision for Energy Decarbonization: Planning Sustainable Tertiary Sites as Net-Zero Energy Systems

et al. 2021

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The power system is changing towards a decarbonized one. The Kyoto protocol and the Paris climate agreement have prompted many nations to approve energy policies based on volatile renewable energy sources (RESs). However, the integration into the grid of the power generated by RESs as well as the electrification of the heating, gas and transportation sectors is becoming a huge challenge. Planning industrial and tertiary sites as net-zero energy systems (NZESs) might contribute to advance the solutions of fully integrating volatile RESs into the power system. This study aims to point out the importance of planning large energy consumer sites such as NZESs, and to depict a holistic modeling approach for this. The methodology is based on a multi-layer approach, which focuses on on-site power generation by RESs, on the improvement of energy efficiency, and on the increase of system flexibility. A qualitative case study has been conducted. It considers the planning of a Net-Zero Energy Data Center located in Germany. Results point out that new interdisciplinary and in particular social analysis methods are necessary. They might be used for accelerating the decision making process during the planning of RES-based on-site power generation systems. Besides, for computation and cooling systems, new technologies that are continuously emerging in the market should be taken into account. If well designed, they contribute to significantly decrease the whole energy demand of data center. Finally, optimal sizing of energy storage systems (electric and thermal) as well as an expedient choice of performance indicators to evaluate technology options are identified as the key factor for decreasing the external energy demand of tertiary sites, such as data center.

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“…It is then taken out into a condenser which is cooled by either chilled water or another refrigerant. Through this cycle, the gas cools down, regains its liquid state and travels back to the rack space [7]. One more advantage of using liquid immersion cooling, apart from energy savings from higher allowable inlet temperature of coolant, is considerable fan energy savings and lower noise levels [4].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Emerging Cooling Technologies by Analyzing Their Impact on Reducing the Power Usage Effectiveness Ratio of Data Centers

Gadgil¹,

Rahn²

2019

Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019

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With the advent of high speed internet, smart-phones, Wi-Fi, Cloud computing, and IOT, our desire for creating and consuming data has been growing exponentially. It has resulted in great demand for storing and processing of this data with increase in number and scale of data center facilities around the globe. Data centers have started consuming much higher amount of power and highperformance IT equipment have presented a bigger challenge for cooling systems. Large technology companies have realized the need for making their data centers more energy efficient and, in turn, modern mechanical systems have been designed to work more efficiently. This research study endeavors to analyze these mechanical systems and present the way they affect Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) ratios of data centers. Data from numerous data center projects carried out by a leading general contractor in last 5-years was obtained and correlation analysis was carried out to assess how modern mechanical systems help in reducing their PUE ratios.

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Immersion Cooling of Electronics in DoD Installations

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

An exposure assessment approach for potential thermal degradation compounds in 2‐phase immersion cooling operations

An exposure assessment approach for potential thermal degradation compounds in 2‐phase immersion cooling operations

A Vision for Energy Decarbonization: Planning Sustainable Tertiary Sites as Net-Zero Energy Systems

Assessment of Emerging Cooling Technologies by Analyzing Their Impact on Reducing the Power Usage Effectiveness Ratio of Data Centers

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