Immersion freezing of clay minerals and bacterial ice nuclei

Hiranuma, Naruki; Möhler, Ottmar; Bingemer, Heinz; Bundke, Ulrich; Cziczo, D. J.; Danielczok, Anja; Ebert, Martin; Garimella, Sarvesh; Hoffmann, Nadine; Höhler, Kristina; Kanji, Zamin A.; Kiselev, Alexei; Raddatz, M.; Stetzer, O.

doi:10.1063/1.4803420

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the WP13 data ξ obs = 0.33 and ξ st = 1/ω obs = 1/0.52 = 1.92. Hiranuma et al (2013) show data for illite in the temperature range of −28 to −33 • C for two rates of cooling in the AIDA chamber. After accounting for sedimentation of the crystals, a shift was found toward colder temperatures by about 1 • C for a factor 8 increase in the rate of cooling, so that ξ obs = 0.48…”

Section: G Vali: Interpretation Of Freezing Nucleation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces

2014

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Abstract. Publications of recent years dealing with laboratory experiments of immersion freezing reveal uncertainties about the fundamentals of heterogeneous freezing nucleation. While it appears well accepted that there are two major factors that determine the process, namely fluctuations in the size and configuration of incipient embryos of the solid phase and the role of the substrate to aid embryo formation, views have been evolving about the relative importance of these two elements. The importance of specific surface sites is being established in a growing number of experiments and a number of approaches have been proposed to incorporate these results into model descriptions. Many of these models share a common conceptual basis yet diverge in the way random and deterministic factors are combined. The divergence can be traced to uncertainty about the permanence of nucleating sites, to the lack of detailed knowledge about what surface features constitute nucleating sites, and to the consequent need to rely on empirical or parametric formulas to define the population of sites of different effectiveness. Recent experiments and models, consistent with earlier work, demonstrate the existence and primary role of permanent nucleating sites and the continued need for empirically based formulations of heterogeneous freezing. In order to clarify some aspects of the processes controlling immersion freezing, the paper focuses on three identifiably separate but interrelated issues: (i) the combination of singular and stochastic factors, (ii) the role of specific surface sites, and (iii) the modeling of heterogeneous ice nucleation.

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Section: G Vali: Interpretation Of Freezing Nucleation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces

2014

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“…10 Field studies have identified heterogeneous ice nucleation as the dominant formation mechanism in both ice and mixed-phase cloud formation. 5,11 INPs are rare in the atmosphere, estimated to be 1 in 10 5 to 10 6 particles, 12 which has led to a poor understanding of both their identity and the mechanism by which they nucleate ice. Two major pathways for heterogeneous ice formation are deposition and immersion freezing 13 as illustrated in Figure 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at warmer temperatures when ice formation is catalyzed by the presence of INPs . Field studies have identified heterogeneous ice nucleation as the dominant formation mechanism in both ice and mixed-phase cloud formation. , INPs are rare in the atmosphere, estimated to be 1 in 10 5 to 10 6 particles, which has led to a poor understanding of both their identity and the mechanism by which they nucleate ice.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurements of Immersion Freezing and Heterogeneous Chemistry of Atmospherically Relevant Single Particles with Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

2019

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In the atmosphere, there are several different trajectories by which particles can nucleate ice; two of the major pathways are deposition and immersion freezing. Single particle depositional freezing has been widely studied with spectroscopic methods while immersion freezing has been predominantly studied either for particles within bulk aqueous solutions or using optical imaging of single particles. Of the few existing spectroscopic methods that monitor immersion freezing, there are limited opportunities for investigating the impact of heterogeneous chemistry on freezing. Herein, we describe a method that couples a confocal Raman spectrometer with an environmental cell to investigate single particle immersion freezing along with the capability to investigate in situ the impact of heterogeneous reactions with ozone and other trace gases on ice nucleation. This system, which has been rigorously calibrated (temperature and relative humidity) across a large dynamic range, is used to investigate low temperature water uptake and heterogeneous ice nucleation of atmospherically relevant single particles deposited on a substrate. The use of Raman spectroscopy provides important insights into the phase state and chemical composition of ice nuclei and, thus, insights into cloud formation.

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“…Figure 7c > −15 • C while mineral IN dominate at < −15 • C (e.g., Maki et al, 1974;Kieft and Ahmadjian, 1989;DeMott and Prenni, 2010;Atkinson et al, 2013;Hiranuma et al, 2013;Joly et al, 2013;Pummer et al, 2015;Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2016;Kunert et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ice Nucleation Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Certain biological particles are highly efficient ice nuclei (IN), but the actual contribution of bioparticles to the pool of atmospheric IN and their relation to precipitation are not well characterized. We investigated the composition of bioaerosols, ice nucleation activity, and the effect of rainfall by metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected during the INUIT 2016 campaign in a rural dryland on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Taxonomic analysis showed community changes related to rainfall. For the rain-affected samples, we found higher read proportions of fungi, particularly of Agaricomycetes, which are a class of fungi that actively discharge their spores into the atmosphere in response to humidity changes. In contrast, the read proportions of bacteria were reduced, indicating an effective removal of bacteria by precipitation. Freezing experiments showed that the IN population in the investigated samples was influenced by both rainfall and dust events. For example, filtration and heat treatment of the samples collected during and immediately after rainfall yielded enhanced fractions of heat-sensitive IN in the size ranges larger than 5 µm and smaller than 0.1 µm, which were likely of biological origin (entire bioparticles and soluble macromolecular bio-IN). In contrast, samples collected in periods with dust events were dominated by heat-resistant IN active at lower temperatures, most likely mineral dust. The DNA analysis revealed low numbers of reads related to microorganisms that are known to be IN-active. This may reflect unknown sources of atmospheric bio-IN as well as the presence of cell-free IN macromolecules that do not contain DNA, in particular for sizes < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and IN may influence the hydrological cycle (bioprecipitation cycle) as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).

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Immersion freezing of clay minerals and bacterial ice nuclei

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces

Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces

Measurements of Immersion Freezing and Heterogeneous Chemistry of Atmospherically Relevant Single Particles with Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall

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