Immersion mode and spatiotemporal distribution characteristic of water migration in loess tunnel

Shi, Wangshuaiyin; Qiu, Junling; Zhang, Chengping; Wang, Qiang; Lai, Jinxing; Li, Binglong; Mao, Zhengjun

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-09565-7

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…With the rapid development of tunnel engineering in China, it is inevitable to encounter complex and unfavorable geological strata during the construction process [1][2][3][4][5]. Among them, the loess strata, due to their obvious structure, high permeability, collapsibility, and vertical joint development [6][7][8][9][10], will face construction risks such as water leakage, large deformation, falling blocks, and collapse when constructing tunnels in this stratum [11][12][13][14]; especially, the collapsibility of loess often causes the sudden instability of the surrounding rock in a short period, leading to disasters [15][16][17]. In addition, the disaster characteristics of loess may also lead to the cracking of the lining structure, thereby affecting the safe operation of tunnel engineering in the later stage [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most loess tunnels are subject to waterfall erosion, lateral erosion, and headward erosion [22,23] due to surface water infiltration or groundwater erosion during the construction process, which in turn results in the reduction in the strength of the surrounding rock [24,25], large deformations, and wet subsidence of the loess [26][27][28]; therefore, the mechanism of structural failure in loess tunnels under different water contents is the focus of research. In addition, in groundwater flow simulation, the input parameters are Water 2024, 16, 581 2 of 16 uncertain [29] and certain methods are needed to predict the parameters [30]. As the water content continues to increase, it contributes to the formation of a saturated zone at the bottom plate, which in turn affects the overall displacement of the tunnel [31], and in severe cases will lead to tunnel collapse [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stability Assessment of Tunnels Excavated in Loess with the Presence of Groundwater—A Case Study

Deng,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Water

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The high water content of the surrounding rock in loess tunnels will lead to the deterioration of rock strength, causing deformation and damage to the initial support structure and thereby affecting safety during construction and operation. This article first analyzes the strength characteristics of loess under different water contents through indoor physical and mechanical tests. Secondly, based on numerical simulation results, the ecological environment, and design requirements, the water content threshold is determined. Finally, a reinforcement scheme combining surface precipitation measures and curtain grouting measures is proposed, and the reinforcement effect is analyzed based on on-site monitoring data. The results show that as the water content of loess increases, the cohesion, internal friction angle, and elastic modulus of the surrounding rock all decrease, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of the surrounding rock to excavation disturbances and a deterioration in strength. During the construction process, it shows an increase in the vault settlement and sidewalls’ convergence. During the process of increasing the distance between the monitoring section and the palm face, the settlement and convergence of the tunnel show a rapid growth stage, slow growth stage, and stable stage. The water content threshold is determined to be 22%. The reinforcement scheme of combining surface precipitation measures with curtain grouting measures not only meets the requirements of the ecological environment but also makes the settlement and convergence values lower than the yellow warning deformation values required by the design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Assessment of Tunnels Excavated in Loess with the Presence of Groundwater—A Case Study

Deng,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Water

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“…At present, a lot of research has been carried out on the construction response characteristics of karst tunnels [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Chen and Sha [33] studied the stability of the surrounding rock and the treatment structure during the Naqiu Tunnel excavation by means of feld tests and numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Construction Response Characteristics of Large Cross-Section Tunnel Crossing Huge Karst Cave Backfill

Chen

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Shock and Vibration

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The existence of giant karst cave can cause collapse and water inrush hazards during the excavation of the karst tunnel, causing serious economic losses. In this paper, based on the FEA software MIDAS, a numerical simulation model for the backfilling of a large karst cave through a large cross-section tunnel was established. The distribution characteristics and change rules of the displacement field, stress field, horizontal support stress, and plastic zone of the tunnel surrounding rock and backfill were explored. The first stage of tunnel excavation leads to a sharp increase in the displacement of the tunnel’s surrounding rock and the deterioration of the plastic zone, which should be strengthened and monitored. The tunnel arch, waist, and wall footing areas were prone to stress concentration. The two layers of horizontal support force show a certain regularity, showing a sharp increase and a gradually smooth growth trend. Meanwhile, the site monitoring results for arch settlement and horizontal convergence of the mega cavern tunnel were analyzed. The results show that the numerical calculation results were in good agreement with the values of site monitoring data. The average errors of final crown settlement and horizontal convergence were 8.6% and 15.9%, respectively, which verified the correctness of the numerical modeling method. This project can provide reliable experience for the construction of similar large cavern tunnels.

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“…Precipitation is an indispensable part of the water cycle and the material basis of runoff formation [1]. In recent years, under the joint influence of both global climate change and subtropical highs, the precipitation has gradually presented the characteristics of uneven spatial and temporal distribution and high intensity in flood season, further forming the turbulent surface runoff [2,3]. The resulting flood disasters are gradually becoming more common and complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Xin’anjiang Hydrological Model for Flood Simulation Coupling Snowmelt Runoff Module in Northwestern China

Tan,

Dong,

Hou

et al. 2023

Water

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The Xin’anjiang hydrological model (XHM) is the practical tool for runoff simulation and flood forecasting in most regions in China, but it still presents some challenges when applied to Northwest China, where the river runoff mostly comes from high-temperature snowmelt, as the model lacks such a functional module. In this study, the improved XHM coupling snowmelt module is presented to complete the existing XHM for better suitability for flood simulation in areas dominated by snowmelt. The improved model includes four sub-models: evapotranspiration, runoff yield, runoff separation, and runoff routing, where the snowmelt runoff module is introduced in both the runoff yield and separation sub-models. The watershed is divided into two types, non-snow areas with lower altitudes and snow-covered areas with higher altitudes, to study the mechanism of runoff production and separation. The evaluation index, determination coefficients (R2), mean square error (MSE), and Nash efficiency coefficients (NSE) are used to assess the improved XHM’s effect by comparing it with the traditional model. Results show that the R2 of the improved XHM coupled with snowmelt are around 0.7 and 0.8 at the Zamashk and Yingluoxia stations, respectively, while the MSE and NSE are also under 0.4 and above 0.6, respectively. The absolute value of error of both flood peaks in the Yingluoxia station simulated by improved XHM is only 10% and 6%, and that of traditional XHM is 32% and 40%, indicating that the peak flow and flood process can be well simulated and showing that the improved XHM coupled with snowmelt constructed in this paper can be applied to the flood forecasting of the Heihe River Basin. The critical temperature of snow melting and degree-day factor of snow are more sensitive compared with other parameters related to snow melting, and the increasing trend of peak flow caused by both decreased critical temperature and increased degree-day factor occurs only when the value of the model’s state (snow reserve) is higher. These results can expand the application scope in snow-dominated areas of the XHM, providing certain technical references for flood forecasting and early warning of other snowmelt-dominated river basins.

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Immersion mode and spatiotemporal distribution characteristic of water migration in loess tunnel

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Stability Assessment of Tunnels Excavated in Loess with the Presence of Groundwater—A Case Study

Stability Assessment of Tunnels Excavated in Loess with the Presence of Groundwater—A Case Study

Study on Construction Response Characteristics of Large Cross-Section Tunnel Crossing Huge Karst Cave Backfill

An Improved Xin’anjiang Hydrological Model for Flood Simulation Coupling Snowmelt Runoff Module in Northwestern China

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