Immersive and Non-Immersive Simulators for the Education and Training in Maritime Domain—A Review

Abstract

In the domain of Marine Education and Training (MET), simulators have been utilized for the purpose of training seafarers in the norms for avoiding collisions or for developing the skill of ship manoeuvrability, and even the operation of machinery in the engine room, as well as for conducting research on the subject matter of ship structure, specialized vessel operation, working principle of equipment, and shipboard safety training. These tools are even more important when facing disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In MET institutions, full-mission bridge and engine room simulators have been utilized for teaching seafarers for more than a decade. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify immersive and non-immersive simulator applications produced over the previous ten years to improve seafarers’ experiential teaching and learning, in the maritime domain. We retrieved 27 articles using the four stages of PRISMA paradigm: Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Inclusion. The selected papers were read and analyzed according to the training type, the area of training, and the technologies used. The utilization of immersive and non-immersive simulators in the context of the MET domain has been identified and mapped. A few research studies (9 out of 27) compared immersive and non-immersive simulator-based training with conventional training. The quality and efficacy of immersive and non-immersive simulator training at MET institutions have been studied. A model from the learner’s perspective is essential and recommended for future research to assess efficiency and efficacy.

The influence of computerized simulation techniques on maritime security exercises: ISPS code

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Visualization Program Design for Complex Piping Systems in Marine Engine Simulation Systems

“…In this context, simulation systems have gradually replaced real systems as the mainstream [12,13], especially engine simulators, which have played a significant role in the training of seafarers [14,15]. The ship piping network plays an extremely important role in the engine simulation system [16].…”

Method for Assessing the Influence of Phobic Stimuli in Virtual Simulators

“…In such situations, modern digital technologies could be a solution to the identified problem. Creating training courses and scenarios using virtual reality technologies is a more economically effective solution, compared to conducting real exercises during the production process or at specially equipped training sites [5]. Despite a number of existing shortcomings in the field of virtual simulators (the lack of scene objects details, the imperfect ergonomics of user scenarios, and the complexity of organizing tactile interaction with the environment), many studies confirm the increasing effectiveness of conducting training in a virtual environment [6,7].…”