Immigrants? economic performance across Europe ? does immigration policy matter?

Abstract

and Austria to that of the respective indigenous population. The unit of analysis is the individual in the household context. This allows us to define immigrants' state of integration into the host society at the family level taking into account issues such as immigrant/native intermarriage. Economic performance is measured in terms of the country-specific pregovernment income position and change in the relative income position due to redistribution processes within the respective tax and social security systems. Our work is based on the premise that countries may be categorized -similarly to existing categorizations based on the type of welfare regime -according to the nature of their immigration policy. From an economic point of view, a successful and integrative immigration policy should result -at least when controlling for background characteristics such as education -in a non-significant differential between the economic performance of immigrants and that of the indigenous population. At first glance, our results indicate that this ''ideal'' is not attained in all of the countries analysed, particularly not in Germany and Denmark, where the economic performance of immigrants is much lower than that of the indigenous population. However, results from GLS random-effects models show that immigrants to these countries improve their economic situation rapidly with increasing duration of stay in the host country. This implies that these countries also do fairly well in fostering in the economic integration of immigrants. Our empirical results further reveal that the substantial cross-country differences in the immigrant/native-born performance differential persist even when controlling in detail for socioeconomic characteristics of the household and for indicators of the state of the immigrants' integration, such as years since migration and immigrant/ native intermarriage. This suggests that not only the conditions of entry to a country impact on immigrants' economic performance, but also country-specific institutional aspects such as restrictions on access to the labour market and parts of the social w This paper benefited substantially from discussions at the EEA 2003 Conference in Stockholm, Sweden, and the EPUNet 2003 Conference in Colchester, UK. We also acknowledge very helpful comments resulting from the reviewing process. (2005) 24: 175-212 Ó Springer 2005 Population Research and Policy Review

Determinants of Integration and Its Impact on the Economic Success of Immigrants: A Case Study of the Turkish Community in Berlin

“…In terms of the remaining variables of interest, we observe that years of education, having German education and being from Turkish ethnic background all have positive impact on income, while size of household and being female have a negative impact. These findings provide strong support for the studies dictating the positive effect of education and host country education (Chiswick and DebBurman 2004), and the negative impact of being female on income (Constant and Massey 2005;Buchel and Frick 2005). However, neither time spent in Germany nor being born in Germany have any significant impact on income of which the former finding is in contrast with international studies such as Duleep and Regets (1997) and Constant and Massey (2005).…”

“…We suggest that the difference stems from our choice of the dependent variable, since studies using income rather than wages find less or no impact of years since migration (cp. Buchel and Frick 2005).…”

“…Years since migration are expected to contribute positively to integration (cp. Buchel and Frick 2005).…”

Differences in Risk Factors Between Black Caribbean Patients With Stroke in Barbados and South London

“…For example, the lower prevalence of MI in Barbados might be caused by lower saturated fat intake in the Caribbean islands compared with the United Kingdom. 7 Because lower socioeconomic status is associated with a high prevalence of vascular risk factors 8 and immigrants usually have a lower socioeconomic status when coming to a new country, 9 differences in socioeconomic status of patients with stroke between Barbados and South London might also explain some of the variation, although we have adjusted for social class. The better management of prior-to-stroke risk factors in BC in Barbados compared with South London might reflect ethnic variations in access to health care between migrant and indigenous populations.…”

Immigrants’ Characteristics and the Croatian Labour Market: an Explorative Study

“…According to these considerations, immigrants are more likely to be considered as a threat to the domestic population and have poor prospects on the local labour market. In EU countries, studies frequently establish lower performance of migrants on the labour market in comparison to the domestic population (Büchel and Frick, 2005;Bernardi, Garrido and Miyar, 2011;Fullin and Reyneri, 2011;Kogan, 2011). The studies usually find that various socioeconomic determinants are im-portant explanations for the difference in labour market outcomes (such as age, gender, education, marital status, language skills).…”