Immigrants’ Wage Growth and Selective Out‐Migration

Bijwaard, Govert E.; Wahba, Jackline

doi:10.1111/obes.12295

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Migrants' labor market outcomes at destination affect return decisions. In a setting where migrants choose duration of stay to maximize intertemporal utility, employment outcomes and wages at destination are an important determinant of return Dustmann, 2003;Yang, 2006;Bijwaard and Wahba, 2014;Bijwaard and Wahba, 2019;Akee and Jones, 2019). If migrants simply balance the marginal benefits of working abroad with its marginal cost, they would extend their stay overseas in response to higher wages (life-cycle hypothesis; Dustmann, 2003).…”

Section: Temporary Migration Is Institutionalized By Fixed-term Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies looking at the relationship between earnings at destination and return decisions report mixed findings. 68 The few studies that attempt to isolate a causal relationship find that the life cycle hypothesis prevails empirically Yang, 2016;Bijwaard and Wahba, 2019). In addition, both low and high-income migrants have been found to return earlier than the average migrant, but low-income migrants tend to return faster (Wahba and Bijwad, 2014).…”

Section: Temporary Migration Is Institutionalized By Fixed-term Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Safer and More Productive Migration for South Asia

2020

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Net inflows, 2019 (current USD millions) Source: FDI, ODA, and export revenue data from World Development Indicators 2019; remittance inflow data from KNOMAD Remittances Database. Note: Remittances are defined as migrant remittance inflows (current US$), ODA is defined as net official development assistance (current US$), export revenue is defined as exports of goods and services (current US$)), FDI is defined as foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$). Migrating individuals benefit directly from international labor migration through higher wages abroad (Figure ES4). South Asian labor migrants earn a large wage premium compared to earnings at home due to the higher average wages and productivity in receiving countries. On average, monthly labor earnings of Bangladeshi migrants were at 3,498 BDT almost four times higher in the receiving countries than in their home country (9,10 BDT). 2 In 2016 labor migrants from India earned an average of USD 362 in Saudi-Arabia compared to USD 112, on average, in their country. Workers from Nepal earned almost 5 times more in Qatar than at home. Workers from Pakistan earned 3.6 times more when working in the UAE and 4.8 times more when working in Saudi Arabia. Higher wages abroad can help improve the welfare of households back home through remittances. In addition to these immediate static effects, this large positive income shock can increase savings and the ability to insure for future shocks. It can also help increase lifetime earnings even after migrants have return home, by allowing them to finance startup over the entire life after migration once workers return home, by allowing return migrants to startup capital for entrepreneurial activities back home (Bossavie et al. 2020a).

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Section: Temporary Migration Is Institutionalized By Fixed-term Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporary Migration Is Institutionalized By Fixed-term Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Safer and More Productive Migration for South Asia

2020

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“…Na 5 jaar is al 40% van de arbeidsmigranten uit ons land vertrokken (Hitzert & Van Wijk, 2019). Op lange termijn vertrekt driekwart van de arbeidsmigranten uit ons land (Bijwaard, 2010;Bijwaard & Wahba, 2019). Hoewel arbeidsmigranten uit de nieuwe EU-landen vaak na korte tijd ons land verlaten, is hun vertrek op langere termijn beperkter (zie figuur 2).…”

Section: Terugkeer Van Arbeidsmigranten Uit Nederlandunclassified

Retourmigratie en arbeidsmarktsucces van arbeidsmigranten

Bijwaard¹

2020

Tijdschrift Voor Arbeidsvraagstukken

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De vraag of migranten bijdragen aan de economische groei van ons land speelt een sleutelrol in het migratiedebat. Het succes van immigranten op de arbeidsmarkt wordt meestal gemeten aan de hand van de arbeidsmarktpositie en de groei van hun inkomen tijdens het verblijf in het gastland. Een groot deel van de arbeidsmigranten vertrekt weer uit ons land. Het is zeer waarschijnlijk dat de retourmigratie van arbeidsmigranten samenhangt met hun succes, arbeidsparticipatie en/of inkomen op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt. In deze bijdrage ga ik in op de relatie tussen retourmigratie en arbeidsmarktsucces, en bespreek ik de verschillende theorieën en de resultaten van empirisch onderzoek op basis van de instroom van arbeidsmigranten tussen 1999 en 2007 in Nederland. In alle empirische analyses is zowel de verblijfsduur van de migranten in Nederland als de tijd in de verschillende arbeidsmarkttoestanden gemodelleerd in termen van een hazard-model. In deze modellen is expliciet rekening gehouden met selectie-effecten, door de verschillende hazards onderling afhankelijk te laten zijn. Het empirisch onderzoek laat zien dat retourmigratie van arbeidsmigranten in Nederland deels verklaard kan worden uit target-savers-gedrag, succesvolle migranten die snel weer vertrekken, en deels uit retourmigratiegedrag gebaseerd op verkeerde arbeidsmarktverwachtingen, migranten die vertrekken nadat ze werkloos worden of een lage loongroei ervaren.

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“…Recent estimates suggest that the number of tertiary educated migrants in the OECD has increased by 70 per cent in the last decade, reaching 30 per cent of all migrants in the OECD (OECD, 2013). A large literature suggests that in migratory countries it is the best educated who are more likely to engage in international migration (van Dalen and Henkens, 2007;Dao et al, 2018) but also that their migratory projects are not necessarily permanent (Mayr and Peri, 2009;Biavaschi, 2016;Bijwaard and Wahba, 2019), a fact that is generally ignored by the literature on highly skilled migration (HSM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are They Deterred by Welfare? Digging into the Drivers of Highly Skilled Temporary and Long‐term Migrants in Europe

Cebolla‐Boado¹,

Miyar‐Busto²

2019

International Migration

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Literature researching the drivers of highly skilled migration (HSM) often prioritizes labor market returns to education and downscales the importance of public welfare. This article develops an innovative empirical strategy which allows us to see how a selection of pull factors attracts temporary and long‐term educated migrants in Europe. To do so, we built a unique longitudinal contextual dataset merging information from the European Labor Force Survey (2000‐2014) with selected Eurostat and OECD country indicators. Country‐fixed effect time series allow us to concentrate on cross‐country effects. Our evidence suggests that returns to education attract temporary HSM and long‐term stayers equally. However, it is also shown that public welfare and taxation operate differently for these two groups and do not deter long‐term residents. Our article proposes revisiting the assumption that HSMs are mere income maximizers. As we argue, long‐term HSM may well be attracted by generous welfare setups.

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Immigrants’ Wage Growth and Selective Out‐Migration

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Towards Safer and More Productive Migration for South Asia

Towards Safer and More Productive Migration for South Asia

Retourmigratie en arbeidsmarktsucces van arbeidsmigranten

Are They Deterred by Welfare? Digging into the Drivers of Highly Skilled Temporary and Long‐term Migrants in Europe

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