Immigration and Internal Migration as a Mechanism of Polarization and Dispersion of Population and Development: The Israeli Case

Measuring Interprovincial Flows of Human Capital in China: 1995–2000

“…Although the percentage of non-hukou migrants who have university education is slightly higher than that of the total population, the percentage for all migrants is still significantly higher than that of the total population. Since people moved from the less developed interior to the more developed populous core region and also since highly educated people are more selective for migration, the combined results of interprovincial migration in the late 1990s can be called a ''population polarization'' and ''development polarization'' according to Lipshitz's (1991) definition.…”

“…Then, the consequences of migration can be seen as the combined results of spatial redistribution of human beings and the spatial redistribution of development. According to Lipshitz (1991), the spatial consequences of migration can be summarized by the two terms, ''polarization'' and ''dispersion''. For example, if the direction of migration flow is from the more developed core region to the periphery, for the concern of spatial distribution of population, the consequence of migration is ''population dispersion'' and the case with the reverse direction is ''population polarization''.…”

Politics of (Dis)Integration

“…'The proportional dispersion of immigrants in the various institutional spheres, residential locations, and so forth' (Eisenstadt 1954, pp. 10, 15) refers to an actual geographical dispersion of immigrants (Lipshitz 1991). In fact, the central administration planned the establishment of new cities called development towns, located at the frontiers of the new state.…”

“…Socio-culturally, they were considered as peripheral and needing to integrate within Ashkenazi 5 modern society in order to differentiate themselves from the Arab culture 6 (Chetrit 2000;Ram 2000;Smooha and Peretz 1982;Tzfadia and Yacobi 2011;Yiftachel 2000). Geographically, they were directed to the borders, where they suffered effective segregation on the part of the state (Khazzoom 2005;Lipshitz 1991Lipshitz , 1998Shama and Iris 1977;Tzfadia 2006;Yiftachel 2000).…”

Dispersal of High‐tech Localities as a Strategy for Regional Development: The Israeli Case

“…Jews migrated from the Galilee to the central regions. Since the mid-1960s the migration balance in the Galilee has been negative, with the exception of the period 1978 to 1982 (Kipnis 1983;Lipshitz 1991aLipshitz , 1991b.…”