Immigration and venereal disease in Great Britain.

Gonorrhoea and foreign immigrants at Rotterdam University Hospital.

“…The Dutch attitude to foreigners in sexual matters is reflected in the fact that, in the one traditional red-light quarter of the town, some brothels cater especially for Turkish and Moroccan customers, because most prostitutes do not want them as customers and despise those who do. Lamb (1966), Willcox (1966), and Hossain (1971) also concluded that immigrants elsewhere had difficulty in finding sexual partners.…”

“…In essence all these suggestions have already been made by Willcox (1966) and Hossain (1970), but since these suggestions were made, nothing has been done, although everyone who has consulted a doctor in another country can understand the feelings a foreign immigrant must have in the same situation. This means that it is much easier to do research on the sexual case histories of patients than to put these recommendations into practice.…”

Epidemiology and treatment of gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing strains in Liverpool.

“…These observations show that, in Liverpool, the occurrence of most gonococcal infections is relatively circumscribed, affecting members from the same areas with similar social backgrounds and recreational meeting places. Association of coloured immigrants with a high incidence of gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom (Willcox, 1966;Oller and Wood, 1970) and association with high penicillin MICs (Silver and Darling, 1971) have been noted. Remarkably, it was eight months before an enzyme positive isolate was found in Birkenhead, separated from Liverpool by only the Mersey River.…”

Sexually transmitted diseases and the mobility explosion

“…Accurate figures are difficult to obtain but Caletti (1974) In the past it has been shown that the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is much higher among immigrants than in the indigenous population, especially among men. For example, Willcox (1966) showed that West Indian men were responsible for about 50 % of all the cases of gonorrhoea in England and Wales and for about four out of ten cases of primary and secondary syphilis at the peak of immigration from the Caribbean early in the 1960s. (Schofield, 1965), but the increasing automation on modern ships, with the consequent reduction in the size of crews and the enormous increase in the size of ships, has led to a considerable reduction in the problem of this group.…”

“…In the past it has been shown that the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is much higher among immigrants than in the indigenous population, especially among men. For example, Willcox (1966) showed that West Indian men were responsible for about 50 % of all the cases of gonorrhoea in England and Wales and for about four out of ten cases of primary and secondary syphilis at the peak of immigration from the Caribbean early in the 1960s. Men of Asian origin also had a high rate of infection as did those of Mediterranean origin.…”