Immigration factors and prostate cancer survival among Hispanic men in California: Does neighborhood matter?

Schupp, Clayton W.; Press, David J.; Gomez, Scarlett Lin

doi:10.1002/cncr.28587

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The mortality hazard was higher in women living in low-SES neighborhoods than in the highest SES quintile. Previous breast, prostate, and lung cancer studies have also found survival associations with neighborhood SES and Hispanic enclave 37,38 ; however, our study is the first to show similar neighborhood results for cervical cancer.We found that the association of nativity and neighborhood SES on survival varied by Hispanic enclave, with survival benefits among foreign-born and survival deficits for low-SES neighborhoods seen predominantly among cases living in high Hispanic enclaves. Ethnic enclaves may offer protective effects via buffering against acculturation.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

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Nativity and Neighborhood Characteristics and Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes Among Hispanic Women in California

Gomez¹,

Guendelman²,

Harley³

et al. 2015

Am J Public Health

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TitleNativity and neighborhood characteristics and cervical cancer stage at diagnosis and survival outcomes among hispanic women in California Despite advances in early detection, cervical cancer remains the second most-common cancer worldwide and the third most-common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, 1,2 with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 7.8 per 100 000 and mortality rate of 2.3 per 100 000 from 2007 to 2011. 3 Notably, although the incidence of cervical cancer is higher among Hispanic women (10.2 per 100 000) than among Asian/Pacific Islander (6.4), African American (9.4), and nonHispanic White (7.8) women, mortality rates among Hispanic women are comparable with those of other groups (2.8 per 100 000). 3---5Compared with women of other racial/ethnic groups, studies consistently show a survival advantage for Hispanic women after control for stage at diagnosis and other clinical and sociodemographic characteristics 2,6---13 ; this observation of lower mortality among Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Whites is consistent with the "Hispanic paradox." 14,15 Previous studies further suggest that the paradox applies in particular to Hispanic immigrants, particularly immigrants born in Mexico. 15 A recent analysis of national data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program found that foreignborn Hispanic women had lower survival than US-born Hispanic women for early-stage disease, but better survival for late-stage disease. 16,17 However, this analysis was based on imputed data for women missing place of birth, which is problematic when one considers that SEER birthplace data are not missing at random. 18---20 The observed survival advantage may also reflect higher rates of losses to follow-up among foreign-born Hispanics, causing underreporting of cervical cancer mortality in this group if significant numbers of women return to their native country once diagnosed with later-stage disease. Thus, to date, reasons for the apparent immigrant survival advantage among women with cervical cancer are poorly understood.The "healthy immigrant effect" suggests that the Hispanic mortality advantage is greater among the foreign-born than US-born because immigrants are selected for better health 21 ; this hypothesis may explain the patterns seen for cervical cancer survival. Therefore, neighborhood characteristics including socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnic enclave (geographical areas that are culturally and ethnically concentrated and distinct from the surrounding area) may be important contributors to survival after cervical cancer diagnosis. Low-income residential ethnic enclaves may protect health by increasing residents' ability to maintain positive health behaviors such as a healthy native diet or abstention from smoking, and provide increased social support. Residents of ethnic enclave communities may also receive targeted public health services or perceive fewer barriers to care. However, ethnic enclaves tend to be of low SES and frequently have higher crime rates a...

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supporting

confidence: 69%

supporting

confidence: 69%

Nativity and Neighborhood Characteristics and Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes Among Hispanic Women in California

Gomez¹,

Guendelman²,

Harley³

et al. 2015

Am J Public Health

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“…Two commonly assessed proxy measures of exposure to Hispanic culture, patient birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign) and residence in a neighborhood with other Hispanics, have been associated with mortality. Foreign-born, compared to U.S.-born Hispanics, often have lower cancer mortality, despite worse risk factor profiles [11,12,13]. The protective effect of foreign birthplace is referred to as the Immigrant Paradox.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protective advantages of living in high Hispanic density neighborhoods have been referred to as barrio effects [14]. Hispanics with cancer living in neighborhoods with higher Hispanic density (i.e., ethnic enclaves) may experience a survival advantage [12,13]. However, neighborhoods with large Hispanic and/or foreign-born populations also experience disproportionate socioeconomic deprivation, including concentrated poverty [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an intersectional approach—one that examines multiple social indicators simultaneously—is needed to elucidate the extent to which Hispanic differences in cancer mortality are confounded or modified by the unmeasured role of culture [20,21]. However, to date, research incorporating proxy measures of exposure to Hispanic culture is often limited to a single ethnic group (i.e., Hispanics only) [11,13,23,24], and has not tested the Hispanic paradox in cancer (i.e., compared outcomes between Hispanics and Whites). Thus, prior work has precluded more nuanced examinations at the intersections of social statuses across (e.g., Hispanic paradox) and within (e.g., foreign- vs. U.S.-born) ethnicities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes in U.S. Breast Cancer Mortality: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Hispanic Density

Pruitt

Tiro

Liu

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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To test the Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes—i.e., survival advantages despite a worse risk factor profile—and the modifying role of neighborhood context, we examined associations between patient ethnicity, birthplace, neighborhood Hispanic density and neighborhood poverty among 166,254 female breast cancer patients diagnosed 1995–2009 in Texas, U.S. Of all, 79.9% were non-Hispanic White, 15.8% Hispanic U.S.-born, and 4.2% Hispanic foreign-born. We imputed birthplace for the 60.7% of Hispanics missing birthplace data using multiple imputation. Shared frailty Cox proportional hazard models (patients nested within census tracts) adjusted for age, diagnosis year, stage, grade, histology, urban/rural residence, and local mammography capacity. Whites (vs. U.S.-born Hispanics) had increased all-cause and breast cancer mortality. Foreign-born (vs. U.S.-born) Hispanics had increased all-cause and breast cancer mortality. Living in higher Hispanic density neighborhoods was generally associated with increased mortality, although associations differed slightly in magnitude and significance by ethnicity, birthplace, and neighborhood poverty. We found no evidence of an Immigrant Paradox and some evidence of a Hispanic Paradox where protective effects were limited to U.S.-born Hispanics. Contrary to prior studies, foreign birthplace and residence in higher Hispanic density neighborhoods were associated with increased mortality. More research on intersections between ethnicity, birthplace and neighborhood context are needed.

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Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Prostate Cancer and Immune Markers in African American and European American Men

et al. 2023

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ImportanceNeighborhood variables may be factors in the excessive burden of prostate cancer among African American men.ObjectiveTo examine associations between neighborhood deprivation, circulating immune-oncology markers, and prostate cancer among African American and European American men.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA case-control study was conducted between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2016. Participants included men with prostate cancer and age- and race-frequency-matched population controls. Participants were recruited at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland Medical Center; controls were obtained through the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration database. National Death Index follow-up was performed through December 31, 2020, and data analysis was conducted from February 1, 2022, through October 31, 2022.Exposures2000 Census-tract Neighborhood Deprivation Index as a standardized score.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, and disease-specific mortality. Secondary outcomes included the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk score and serum proteomes for 82 immune-oncology markers with pathway annotation.ResultsParticipants included men with prostate cancer (n = 769: 405 African American, 364 European American men) and age- and race-frequency-matched population controls (n = 1023: 479 African American, 544 European American men). The median survival follow-up was 9.70 years (IQR, 5.77 years), with 219 deaths. Among 884 African American men, mean (SD) age at recruitment was 63.8 (7.6) years; mean (SD) age at recruitment among 908 European American men was 66.4 (8.1) years. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis with individual socioeconomic status adjustment, neighborhood deprivation was associated with 55% increased odds of prostate cancer among African American men (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.33-1.81), but was not associated with the disease among European American men. Residing in the most-deprived vs least-deprived neighborhoods corresponded to 88% higher disease odds (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.75) among all men and an approximate 3-fold increase among African American men (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.72-7.45), but no association was noted among European American men. In Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, socioeconomic status–adjusted neighborhood deprivation was associated with an increased all-cause mortality only among African American men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.53), whereas it was associated with metastatic disease and a 50% increased hazard of a prostate cancer–specific death among all men (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.07-2.09). In analyses restricted to controls, neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased activity scores of serum proteome-defined chemotaxis, inflammation, and tumor immunity suppression.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that deprived neighborhood residency may increase the risk of African American men for prostate cancer and a related mortality, potentially through its association with systemic immune function and inflammation.

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Immigration factors and prostate cancer survival among Hispanic men in California: Does neighborhood matter?

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

Nativity and Neighborhood Characteristics and Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes Among Hispanic Women in California

Nativity and Neighborhood Characteristics and Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes Among Hispanic Women in California

Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes in U.S. Breast Cancer Mortality: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Hispanic Density

Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Prostate Cancer and Immune Markers in African American and European American Men

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