Hard-working, devoted to the family, essential for our country!" In the early decades of the 21st century, sharply divided visions have emerged of immigrants and their role in society, not just in the United States but also in the European Union (EU) and other parts of the world. On the one hand, there is a vision of immigrants as representing threats: a threat to our safety, a threat to our jobs, a threat to our standard of living, a threat to our communities and culture, a threat to our language. Immigrants seen as threats lead people to launch attacks, such as "Go back to where you came from!" This is a subtractive vision, in the sense that immigrants are seen to take away from, to harm, the assets and strengths of our society. But there is an alternative, additive vision, that presents immigrants as bringing benefits: they add new workers and consumers to