Immigration to the USA and risk for mood and anxiety disorders: variation by origin and age at immigration

Breslau, Joshua; Borges, Guilherme; Hagar, Yolanda; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Gilman, Stephen E.

doi:10.1017/s0033291708004698

Cited by 151 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Cross-sectional studies are also subject to recall bias, and have the potential to result in underestimates of prevalence as well as age of onset of disorder. 8 32 Refugee status has been shown to be a risk for poorer mental health outcomes among migrants to Canada and the United States 3,17,23,33 ; however, this information was not collected in the CCHS 1.2 survey. Although the CCHS 1.2 collected information concerning household income, respondents' perceptions of financial security were not evaluated.…”

Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at Immigration to Canada and the Occurrence of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders

2013

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Objective: The process of migration and resettlement has been associated with increased risk for psychiatric illness. Our study sought to examine the association between age at immigration and risk for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders (SUDs) among adult immigrants in Canada. Method: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being, a cross-sectional study of psychiatric disorder conducted in 2002, was used to identify a representative sample of adult immigrants in Canada ( n = 4946). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between age at immigration (0 to 5 years, 6 to 17 years, and 18 years and older) and 12-month prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders, and SUDs. Results: Immigrants who arrived prior to age 6 years reported the highest risk for mood (OR 3.41; 95% CI 1.7 to 7.0) and anxiety disorders (OR 6.89; 95% CI 3.5 to 13.5), compared with those who immigrated at the age of 18 years or older, after adjusting for covariates, including duration of residence. Conclusions: Younger age at immigration was associated with increased risk of having a current mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or SUD. These findings speak to the importance of developing and evaluating targeted prevention programs for young immigrant children and adolescents.

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Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIDI has been widely used in surveys of mental health, including those examining immigrants. 8,9,15 …”

Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Immigration to Canada and the Occurrence of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders

2013

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“…Among African immigrants who came into the US at the age of 13 or older, the risk of mood and anxiety disorders is lower than their US counterparts (OR= 0.43-Mood disorders, 0.47= anxiety disorders). However, for immigrants who arrived earlier than 13 years of age, there is no difference in the lifetime risk [21]. While this age group may have the same risk for mood and anxiety disorders with their US counterparts, they are less likely to be substance abusers [21].…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for immigrants who arrived earlier than 13 years of age, there is no difference in the lifetime risk [21]. While this age group may have the same risk for mood and anxiety disorders with their US counterparts, they are less likely to be substance abusers [21].…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…African immigrants are at risk of lack of knowledge or negligence on the part of healthcare professionals who don't identify their uniqueness [19,20]. An immigrant paradox exists which may be like the healthy immigrant effect where immigrants in general show a lower likelihood and risk for disorders of mood and anxiety [21].…”

Section: Commonalities and Differences In Diseases In African Immigramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common Health Concerns in African Immigrants in the Us- Implications for the Family Physician

Okudo

Ross

2016

International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research

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Migration From Mexico to the United States and Conduct Disorder

Breslau

Borges

Saito

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context Twin studies suggest that Conduct Disorder (CD) is under substantial genetic influence, which is stronger for aggressive than for non-aggressive symptoms. Studies of migrating populations offer an alternative strategy for separating environmental and genetic influences on psychopathology. Objective To examine variation in the prevalence of CD associated with migration from Mexico to the US and whether this variation is similar for aggressive and non-aggressive CD symptoms and symptom profiles. Design The prevalence of CD, different types of CD symptoms and CD symptom profiles were compared across three generations of people of Mexican origin with increasing levels of exposure to American culture: families of origin of migrants (in Mexico), children of Mexican migrants raised in the US and Mexican-American children of US-born parents. Setting General population surveys conducted in Mexico and the US using the same diagnostic interview. Participants Adults age 18–44 in the household population of Mexico and the household population of people of Mexican descent in the US. Main Outcome Measures CD criteria assessed using the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument (WMH-CIDI). Results Compared with families of origin of migrants, risk of CD is lower in the general population of Mexico (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.19–1.51), higher in children of Mexican-born immigrants who are raised in the US (OR=4.12, 95% CI 1.47–11.52) and higher still in Mexican-American children of US-born parents (OR=7.64, 95% CI 3.20–18.27). The association with migration is markedly weaker for aggressive than for non-aggressive symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of CD increases dramatically across generations of the Mexican-origin population following migration to the US. This increase is of larger magnitude for non-aggressive than for aggressive symptoms, consistent with the suggestion that non-aggressive symptoms are more strongly influenced by environmental factors than aggressive symptoms.

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Immigration to the USA and risk for mood and anxiety disorders: variation by origin and age at immigration

Abstract: Background-Risk for mood and anxiety disorders associated with US-nativity may vary across immigrant groups.

Cited by 151 publications

References 41 publications

Age at Immigration to Canada and the Occurrence of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders

Age at Immigration to Canada and the Occurrence of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders

Common Health Concerns in African Immigrants in the Us- Implications for the Family Physician

Migration From Mexico to the United States and Conduct Disorder

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