Immobilisation of glucose oxidase within metallic nanotubes arrays for application to enzyme biosensors

Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review

“…The preparations made on the basis of gold are used mainly in the electrodes mounted in biosensors (Delvaux and Demoustier-Champagne 2003), but they can also be employed in biodegradation of cellulose (Cho et al 2012). Gold is hardly soluble but easily malleable so its form can be well managed.…”

“…Gold is hardly soluble but easily malleable so its form can be well managed. For the enzyme adsorption, it is used in the form of nanoparticles, golddoped magnetic silica nanoparticles (Cho et al 2012), and nanotubes (Delvaux and Demoustier-Champagne 2003).…”

“…Typical compounds meeting this condition are bifunctional carbonyl compounds, among them glutaraldehyde being apparently most common (see Fig. 4) (Delvaux and Demoustier-Champagne 2003;de Lathouder et al 2008;Thudi et al 2012). Glutaraldehyde with the formula CH 2 (CH 2 CHO) 2 contains two reactive aldehyde groups.…”

“…The reason is that this enzyme is applied in glucose biosensors, which are exploited as measuring devices in real time, in situ measurements, for instance in food industry, but foremost in medicine. Notably, the immobilization of the glucose oxidase was shown to enable constructing glucose biosensors with improved durabilities, sensitivities, linear ranges and detection limits (Delvaux and Demoustier-Champagne 2003;Wu et al 2009;Zhou et al 2011).…”

“…The immobilized peroxidases are also used in biosensors for detection of H 2 O 2 (Yu and Ju 2002). According to the literature, these enzymes are immobilized mainly on inorganic silica-based carriers, such as mesoporous silica (Fornera and Bauer 2012), commercial SBA-15 (Zhou et al 2011), rod-like and vesicle-like mesoporous silica (Zhou et al 2011), silica gel SG/67 and silica gel 100 (Godjevargova et al 2006), and also on magnetic nanoparticles based on Fe 3 O 4 (Zhu et al 2009), gold nanotubes (Delvaux and Demoustier-Champagne 2003) and mesoporous activated carbon matrices MAC 200 and MAC 400 (Kennedy et al 2007). Peroxidases were also immobilized on an inorganic-organic carrier that was made of platinum nanoparticles/graphene sheets/chitosan film (Wu et al 2009), where the enzyme-carrier interactions were mediated by the chitosan film.…”