Immobilization-induced analgesia: Possible involvement of a non-opioid circulating substance

Jørgensen, Hugo A.; Fasmer, Ole Bernt; Berge, Odd‐Geir; Tveiten, Lars; Hole, Kjell

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(84)90256-9

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It might be argued that the examiners' holding of the rat by its neck and shoulders while applying the massage‐like stimulation could be responsible for the analgesia because stress‐induced analgesia has been demonstrated as an acute response in studies exploring nociception using immobilization as a stress challenge (Amir & Amit, 1978; Jorgensen et al ., 1984; Fuchs & Melzack, 1996; De Kock & Meert, 1997). However, after the initial raising of latencies, Amir & Amit (1978) found them to diminish following repeated sessions of immobilization, which is in contrast to our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

Lund

Yuan²,

Yu³

et al. 2002

Eur J of Neuroscience

150

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Massage-like stroking induces acute antinociceptive effects that can be reversed by an oxytocin antagonist, indicating activation of oxytocin on endogenous pain controlling systems. We now demonstrate an increase in hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs), in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which was present after six treatments of massage-like stroking every other day and which continued to increase through the remaining seven treatments. Repeated massage-like stroking also resulted in increased oxytocin-like immunoreactivity (oxytocin-LI) levels in plasma and periaquaductal grey matter (PAG). Furthermore, increases in HWLs were also present after injections of oxytocin into the PAG (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 nmol). Intra-PAG oxytocin injection of 1 nmol followed by 1 or 20 nmol of naloxone attenuated the increments in HWL. Also, there was a dose-dependent attenuation of the oxytocin-induced antinociceptive effects following intra-PAG injection of the mu-opioid antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) and the kappa-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) but not the delta-antagonist naltrindole. The long-term antinociceptive effects of massage-like stroking may be attributed, at least partly, to the oxytocinergic system and its interaction with the opioid system, especially the mu- and the kappa-receptors in the PAG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

Lund

Yuan²,

Yu³

et al. 2002

Eur J of Neuroscience

150

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“…In our study, a short-term restraint was sufficient to produce antinociception in fish. Although studies with mammals and amphibians use a longer period of restraint to induce antinociception (0.5 to 4 hours) [33]]–[[37], another study in mammals showed that this effect can also be observed a few minutes (5 min) after the start of the restraint [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Antinociception in Fish Reversed by Naloxone

et al. 2013

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Pain perception in non-mammalian vertebrates such as fish is a controversial issue. We demonstrate that, in the fish Leporinus macrocephalus, an imposed restraint can modulate the behavioral response to a noxious stimulus, specifically the subcutaneous injection of 3% formaldehyde. In the first experiment, formaldehyde was applied immediately after 3 or 5 min of the restraint. Inhibition of the increase in locomotor activity in response to formaldehyde was observed, which suggests a possible restraint-induced antinociception. In the second experiment, the noxious stimulus was applied 0, 5, 10 and 15 min after the restraint, and both 3 and 5 min of restraint promoted short-term antinociception of approximately 5 min. In experiments 3 and 4, an intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (30 mg.kg−1) was administered 30 min prior to the restraint. The 3- minute restraint-induced antinociception was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone, but the corresponding 5-minute response was not. One possible explanation for this result is that an opioid and a non-preferential μ–opioid and/or non-opioid mechanism participate in this response modulation. Furthermore, we observed that both the 3- and 5- minutes restraint were severely stressful events for the organism, promoting marked increases in serum cortisol levels. These data indicate that the response to a noxious stimulus can be modulated by an environmental stressor in fish, as is the case in mammals. To our knowledge, this study is the first evidence for the existence of an endogenous antinociceptive system that is activated by an acute standardized stress in fish. Additionally, it characterizes the antinociceptive response induced by stress in terms of its time course and the opioid mediation, providing information for understanding the evolution of nociception modulation.

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“…Although several series of studies have suggested that the endogenous opioid system is attributed to the production of analgesia induced by immobilization, a conflict has also been reported stating that immobilization SIA was mediated, at least in part, by non-opioid mechanisms (Jorgensen et al, 1984). Interestingly, a recent study has shown that the endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in non-opioid SIA (Hohmann et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, morphine, and WIN55,212-2 in the inflammatory mouse pain mode

Seo¹,

Kwon²,

Choi

et al. 2011

Arch. Pharm. Res.

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We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization stress-induced analgesia (SIA) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization SIA and the antinociceptive effects of β-endorphin, morphine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or WIN55,212-2 were assessed. Both single and repeated (×7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the β-endorphin and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of formalin response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress (×14). Neither single nor repeated (×7 and ×14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of morphine or WIN55,212-2 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and β-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced POMC expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the POMC gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' (CB1 and CB2) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending pain modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of SIA induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

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Immobilization-induced analgesia: Possible involvement of a non-opioid circulating substance

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

Stress-Induced Antinociception in Fish Reversed by Naloxone

Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, morphine, and WIN55,212-2 in the inflammatory mouse pain mode

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Immobilization-induced analgesia: Possible involvement of a non-opioid circulating substance

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

Stress-Induced Antinociception in Fish Reversed by Naloxone

Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, morphine, and WIN55,212-2 in the inflammatory mouse pain mode

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  Repeated massage‐like stimulation induces long‐term effects on nociception: contribution of oxytocinergic mechanisms