“…The unique catalytic sites can catalyze many reactions, but zeolites also have some restrictions in general applications, such as weaker acidity, lack of variability in pore size, and the limited number of the constituent elements. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] For heteropoly compounds, peculiarly for HPAs, because their unique acidic and redox properties can be controlled at the atomic/molecular level, their catalytic function in the solid state as well as in solution has attracted much attention: the strong acidity or oxidizing properties of heteropoly compounds, the soft basicity of the polyanions, the high solubility in water and organic solvents, a moderately high thermal stability in the solid state, the relatively simple synthetic procedure, the ability to form pseudoliquid phases, and the possibility of the introduction of several different elements into polyanions and counter-cations. All the above-mentioned advantages of HPAs have led to a large body of work on their applications in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.…”