Immobilization of Alcaligenes sp. lipase as catalyst for the transesterification of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel

Catalytic Cracking of Soybean Oil Using Zeolite-containing Microporous and Mesoporous Mixed Catalysts with Curie Point Pyrolyzer

“…To determine the number of acid sites, the amount of NH3 adsorbed was measured by the pulse method using a gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD, under the following conditions; INJ/DET 170 ; COL 140 ; ATTN 16; current 100 mA; column flow 50 cm 3 /min GC-8A, Shimadzu Corp.). Sample 0.04 g was packed into a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 600 at 10 /min under a He stream of 30 mL/min, and held for 3 h. The reactor was cooled to 100 and NH3 pulses of 1.0 mL were introduced using a sixway valve until the amount of NH3 detected became constant.…”

“…Various production technologies using such raw materials have been investigated based on reactions such as transesterification 1) 3) , hydrotreating process 4) 6) , thermal cracking 7) , catalytic cracking 8) 12) , depending on the demand for the final product. Transesterification is the most common technique, but requires more processes to purify the organic liquid products, which include not only fatty acid methyl esters but also glycerol and carboxylic acids.…”

Lipase based static emulsions as efficient biocatalysts for biodiesel production

“…In addition, the immobilization could protect the lipase from mechanical inactivation caused by shaking, and simultaneously prevented lipase leakage and denaturation. However, after five consecutive reuses, the significant decreased yield of FAEE may be due to loss in activity, possibly not only due to inactivation of the enzyme resulting from ethanol accumulation with increasing number of cycles, but also due to byproduct glycerol adsorbed onto the surface of the immobilized lipase that inhibits the activity of lipase …”

“…However, after five consecutive reuses, the significant decreased yield of FAEE may be due to loss in activity, possibly not only due to inactivation of the enzyme resulting from ethanol accumulation with increasing number of cycles, but also due to byproduct glycerol adsorbed onto the surface of the immobilized lipase that inhibits the activity of lipase. 26,37,41 Kinetic study of soybean oil transesterification with ethanol in hexane Many reports have demonstrated that the kinetic mechanism of transesterification was a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with alcohol inhibition. 42,43 Kinetic parameters according to Equation (1) were determined experimentally under the optimal reaction conditions, and performed with varying concentrations of soybean oil (3.96, 4.96, 6.61, and 9.92 mol L −1 ) and ethanol (0.84, 0.99, 1.16, and 1.32 mol L −1 ) (Fig.…”

Lipase immobilization on facile synthesized polyaniline-coated silver-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites as novel biocatalysts: stability and activity insights

“…7,8 Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) is an inexpensive biocatalyst which is capable of breaking down lipids with wide substrate specicity and high selectivity. 9 It offers a large number of applications in pharmaceuticals, food stuffs, cosmetics and the conversion of oil into fuel for biodiesel production. 10,11 Compared to enzymes from animals or plant sources, enzymes from microbial sources are more benecial because of their possible high yields, diversity of catalytic activities, convenient production and prompt growth on inexpensive media.…”