Immobilization of Bromelain on Gold Nanoparticles for Comprehensive Detection of Their Antioxidant, Anti-Angiogenic, and Wound-Healing Potentials

Abstract

Bromelain (Br) is a proteolytic enzyme with various pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-angiogenic properties. However, due to its low solubility and bioavailability, its absorption is low, so a delivery mechanism is needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. Bromelain was chemically synthesized and loaded onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Different methods and techniques were used for detection and characterization, including color-change detection, UV spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. The in vitro antioxidant activity was detected using DPPH assays, and the wound-healing activity was investigated in mice. The current study revealed that the formulated AuNPs-Br showed effective antioxidant activity and the strongest wound-healing properties, as demonstrated by histopathological and in vivo studies, and showed anti-angiogenic effects.