Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase in Ca-alginate beads: Evaluation of the enzyme leakage on the overall removal of an azo-dye and mathematical modeling

Enhanced growth and lipid productivity by living Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in Ca-alginate beads

“…The results of the experiments conducted in this study showed an overall positive effect on the growth and lipid productivity by the immobilized microalgae C. sorokiniana. Previous studies focused on the utilization of alginate immobilized microalgae for the treatment of wastewater or nutrient removal, in each of them different optimized parameters were found, such as the optimum bead volume of 25% to obtain a comparable growth to that of free cells [11], optimum concentrations for alginate 2.42% and calcium chloride 2.69% [24], and optimum bead size of 3.5 mm [12], the optimized conditions found in each of these studies were applied to this research which allowed the growth and lipid productivity of C. sorokiniana to be enhanced.…”

“…Immobilization technology has been proposed as an alternative technique to facilitate the extraction of microalgal cells in the aqueous phase, from which immobilized cells can be harvested through simple filtration without the need for large amounts of energy [10]. Immobilization can be either physical (adsorption) or chemical (entrapment, cross-linkage, or covalent bonding) [11], entrapment in a polymeric matrix, such as calcium alginate, is one of the most widely used immobilization techniques for microalgae [12]. Alginate beads are formed when a solution of sodium alginate and microalgae cells is extruded into a Ca 2+ solution, at that moment an instantaneous interfacial polymerization occurs, producing the beads with the immobilized microalgae inside, the bead hardness is increased with the permeation of calcium ions through the beads [11].…”

Recent advances in g-C3N4-based photo-enzyme catalysts for degrading organic pollutants

“…However, because the reaction substrate needs to enter the embedding layer to react with the enzyme, mass transfer resistance is an inherent problem of the embedding method, so the substrate affinity is oen worse than that of the free enzyme. 62 The cross-linking method uses a cross-linking agent to connect the enzyme molecule with the amino group, carboxyl group, epoxy group, etc. on the surface of the carrier by chemical reaction, to realize the immobilization of the enzyme.…”

“…However, because the reaction substrate needs to enter the embedding layer to react with the enzyme, mass transfer resistance is an inherent problem of the embedding method, so the substrate affinity is often worse than that of the free enzyme. 62…”

Synthesis of Fe3O4/Fe2O3 nanoparticles modified with peroxidase with incorporated chromium and manganese ions

“…25 It can be easily immobilized for biomedicine applications for detection of cholesterol 26 or glucose 27 and also in biocatalysis such as detoxification of phenols, 28 remediation of textile waters, 23 and reduction of azo dyes. 29 Implementation of peroxidase immobilized with iron-containing nano-sized matrixes leads to increased enzyme loading by enlarged functional surface and may result in higher stability or catalytic properties. 30 It finds application in soil remediation by the synergic effect of the Fenton reaction 31 or soil nutrition 32 and all water treatment processes mentioned before.…”