Immobilized 4-methyl-2,6-diformyl phenol complexes on a zeolite: Characterization and catalytic applications in esterification, Diels–Alder and aldol condensation

Zeolite-Based Catalysts: A Valuable Approach toward Ester Bond Formation

“…Zendehdel et al [102] investigated the utilization of NaY zeolite functionalized by 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFP) complexes ( Figure 6), for the esterification of different alcohols with acetic acid as a heterogeneous organic catalyst. The obtained results showed that the fixation of Schiff base complexes on the surface of NaY-zeolite, could increase the catalytic performance of the zeolite catalyst.…”

“…Therefore, the fixation of Schiff base complexes over the surface of NaY-zeolite could increase the catalyst performance towards the esterification reactions. The esterification was performed in 2 h at 70 • C with 50 mg, and the maximum conversion of acetic acid was found to be 90% [102].…”

“…Therefore, the fixation of Schiff base complexes over the surface of NaY-zeolite could increase the catalyst performance towards the esterification reactions. The esterification was performed in 2 h at 70 °C with 50 mg, and the maximum conversion of acetic acid was found to be 90% [102]. The esterification of glycerol with acetic acid is one of the promising approaches for glycerol utilization and the principal products obtained by this reaction are triacetin, diacetin, and monoacetin, which have many industrial usages (Figure 7).…”

Development of catalyst complexes for upgrading biomass into ester-based biolubricants for automotive applications: a review

“…This intermediate product was then reacted with carboxylic acid, forming another transition compound with the ester product and water as by-products. Zendehdel et al 59 reported that the utilisation of NaY zeolite supported 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFP) complexes (Fig. 8) as the heterogeneous organic catalyst for esterication of acetic acid with different alcohols (e.g.…”

“…Specific application sectors of biolubricants39,40 Engine oils, brake uids, gear oils, gasoline engine oils, greases In aviation Turbine uids, hydraulic uids, piston engine uids, lubricating greases In industry Gas turbine uids, hydraulic oils, circulation and bearing oils, air compressor uids, gas compressor oils, metal working uids, lubricating greases and heat transfer oils Comparison for physicochemical properties of biolubricants and petroleum oils27,33,45 Homogeneous acid-base catalysts for ester based-biolubricant synthesis54,59,69 Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Ru complexes Molecularly dispersed in the reacting uids, giving better yield with high product selectivity. Hence, reaction mechanism and kinetics are easy to understand Catalyst separation is difficult and requires high technology, which is sometimes expensive…”