Immobilized‐Cell Degradation of Chlorophenols

Effect of feeding time on the performance of a sequencing batch reactor treating a mixture of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP

“…For example, Shieh et al (1990) examined the ability of immobilized cells grown under oxic and fluidized-bed conditions to degrade 4-CP and 2,4-DCP and evaluated pseudo-steady-state chlorophenols degradation under different dilution rate conditions, with chlorophenols as the sole organic carbon source. They achieved good and stable TOC removal at empty bed hydraulic retention times (HRTs) as low as 1 h. In another study, Puhakka and Jarvinen (1992) degraded polychlorinated phenols in continuous-flow fluidized-bed reactors, using pure oxygen for aeration and a celite carrier to immobilize the cells.…”

Para-chlorophenol containing synthetic wastewater treatment in an activated sludge unit: Effects of hydraulic residence time

“…In most of the studies, a carbohydrate substrate was used as the primary metabolite and the chlorophenols were used as cometabolites (Hill et al, 1996;Kim and Hao, 1999;Wang and Loh, 1999). A limited number of studies have been reported on biological treatment of wastewaters containing chlorophenols (Beltrame et al, 1982;Chodoba et al, 1989;Shieh et al, 1990;Sahinkaya and Dilek, 2002;Xiangchun et al, 2004;Kargi and Eker, 2005a, b).…”

“…Recent investigations on biodegradation of chlorophenols focused on the use of immobilized cells or biofilm reactors (Shieh et al, 1990;Radwan and Ramanujam, 1996;Shin et al, 1999;Swaminathan and Ramanujam, 1998;Kim et al, 2002, Xiangchun et al, 2003Ranganath, 2005, Kargi et al, 2005), since biofilm reactors are more resistant to high concentrations of chlorophenols. Suspended culture systems have considerable advantages over the biofilm systems such as better aeration, control and easy operation as compared to the biofilm reactors.…”

COD, para-chlorophenol and toxicity removal from para-chlorophenol containing synthetic wastewater in an activated sludge unit

“…Pre-adaptation of the activated sludge cultures to chlorophenols was reported to improve the rate and the extent of biodegradation of those compounds [5,17]. Recent investigations on biodegradation of chlorophenols focused on the use of immobilized cells or biofilm reactors [18][19][20][21][22]. Biofilm reactors are more resistant to high concentrations of chlorophenols, because of high biomass concentrations and diffusion barriers within the biofilm for the toxic compounds.…”