Immune and Neuroendocrine Trait and State Markers in Psychotic Illness: Decreased Kynurenines Marking Psychotic Exacerbations

Picker, Livia De; Fransén, Erik; Coppens, Violette; Timmers, Maarten; Boer, P. de; Oberacher, Herbert; Fuchs, Dietmar; Verkerk, Robert; Sabbe, Bernard; Morrens, Manuel

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02971

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…emerging during acute exacerbations) and trait immune markers (i.e. relatively unaltered throughout the disorder) in SSD ( 47 ), which could also be the case in BD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveTryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. We performed a meta-analysis of TRYCAT levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls.MethodsA systematic literature search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Emcare, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier) was conducted on TRYCAT levels in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood according to the PRISMA statement. A minimum of three studies per TRYCAT was required for inclusion. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were computed using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed for BD patients in a different mood state (depressed, manic). The methodological quality of the studies was rated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment Scale.ResultsTwenty-one eligible studies were identified. Peripheral levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.44; p < 0.001), kynurenine (SMD = - 0.3; p = 0.001) and kynurenic acid (SMD = -.45; p = < 0.001) were lower in BD patients versus healthy controls. In the only three eligible studies investigating TRP in cerebrospinal fluid, tryptophan was not significantly different between BD and healthy controls. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in TRP and KYN values between manic and depressed BD patients, but these results were based on a limited number of studies.ConclusionThe TRYCAT pathway appears to be downregulated in BD patients. There is a need for more and high-quality studies of peripheral and central TRYCAT levels, preferably using longitudinal designs.

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“…emerging during acute exacerbations) and trait immune markers (i.e. relatively unaltered throughout the disorder) in SSD ( 47 ), which could also be the case in BD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Post-mortem and clinical studies show an increase in pro-inflammatory markers in people with SCZ compared to controls (Fillman et al, 2016;Sekar et al, 2016;Boerrigter et al, 2017;Lesh et al, 2018;Goldsmith and Rapaport, 2020;Pedraz-Petrozzi et al, 2020). Moreover, there is evidence for elevated levels of cytokines in blood samples from people with SCZ, whether they are medication-naive or receiving antipsychotic treatment, during episodes of psychosis (McKernan et al, 2011;De Picker et al, 2019;Mondelli et al, 2020;Steiner et al, 2020). Thus, such studies suggest that inflammation might contribute to the development of SCZ and also drive its progression and cyclic nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflamed Brain in Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors That Lead to Uncontrolled Neuroinflammation

Comer

Carrier

Tremblay

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

152

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“…It is currently still unknown if immune mechanisms exclusively or differentially affect: (1) specific psychiatric disorders; (2) specific subpopulations within a psychiatric disorder, or (3) specific clinical states within a patient with a psychiatric disorder. Based on our own work in psychotic and mood disorders, there seems to be more support for the notion of state-specific rather than diagnosis-specific inflammatory changes in psychotic and mood disorders ( De Picker et al., 2019a , 2019b ; Hebbrecht et al., 2021 ; Morrens et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Cui Bono? the Immunopsychiatric Continuummentioning

confidence: 84%

The future of immunopsychiatry: Three milestones to clinical innovation

Picker

2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Psychoneuroimmunology, the area of research dedicated to understanding the fundamental interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system, has given rise to the development of Immunopsychiatry, a new discipline which harnesses the immune system to produce beneficial outcomes for mental health problems. Immunopsychiatry has the potential to become a clinically relevant specialty area in psychiatric practice, but has not yet been adopted by the wider mental health community. This paper aims to map out the future trajectory of Immunopsychiatry on its road towards science-to-policy knowledge translation and clinical implementation. Three critical milestones which will need to be reached in order for Immunopsychiatry to fulfil its promise for clinical innovation are discussed: a clear definition of patients who fall within the immunopsychiatric continuum; demonstration of well-defined clinical benefit and incorporation in clinical guidelines; and convergence with other paradigms in biological psychiatry.

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Immune and Neuroendocrine Trait and State Markers in Psychotic Illness: Decreased Kynurenines Marking Psychotic Exacerbations

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

The Inflamed Brain in Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors That Lead to Uncontrolled Neuroinflammation

The future of immunopsychiatry: Three milestones to clinical innovation

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