Immune Cell Functionality during Decidualization and Potential Clinical Application

Abstract

Due to a vast influx in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, leukocytes represent 40–50% of the decidua at the time of implantation. Their importance for the implantation, maintenance of pregnancy, and parturition are known yet not fully understood. Thus, in idiopathic infertility, decidual immune-related factors are speculated to be the cause. In this review, the immune cell functions in the decidua were summarized, and clinical diagnostics, as well as interventions, were discussed. There is a rising number of commercially available diagnostic tools. However, the intervention options are still limited and/or poorly studied. In order for us to make big steps towards the proper use of reproductive immunology findings, we need to understand the mechanisms and especially support translational research.

Implantation and Decidualization in PCOS: Unraveling the Complexities of Pregnancy

“…The maternal decidua contains maternal immune cells which act as a barrier and establish defense against potential pathogens. Natural killer cells and macrophages also surround the invading trophoblast cells, aiding in the establishment of the placenta [56]. In sum, decidualization provides a nurturing environment for the developing embryo, facilitates nutrient exchange, and prevents immune rejection of the embryo.…”