Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Carcinoids with Aggressive Behaviour: One More Arrow in Our Quiver?

Molfetta, Sergio Di; Feola, Tiziana; Fanciulli, Giuseppe; Florio, Tullio; Colao, Annamaria; Faggiano, Antongiulio

doi:10.3390/jcm11041019

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Blockade of immune checkpoint signaling pathway is capable to activate anti-tumor immune response and shows extraordinary clinical application value. The PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has been identified as a potential therapeutic pathway to inhibit the activation of T cells and cytokine production in tumor cells [ 139 , 140 ]. So far, four mAbs have been approved against PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in clinical studies for oral cancer treatment, including cemiplimab (NCT04398524), nivolumab (NCT03021993), sintilimab (NCT05000892), and toripalimab (NCT04825938).…”

Section: Monoclonal Antibody-based Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of oral cancer

et al. 2022

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Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, not only affects the appearance, but also affects eating and even endangers life. The clinical treatments of oral cancer mainly include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, unsatisfactory therapeutic effect and toxic side effects are still the main problems in clinical treatment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is not only closely related to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumor but also works in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tumor and prognosis. Future studies should continue to investigate the relationship of TME and oral cancer therapy. This purpose of this review was to analyze the characteristics of oral cancer microenvironment, summarize the traditional oral cancer therapy and immunotherapy strategies, and finally prospect the development prospects of oral cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy targeting tumor microenvironment is expected to provide a new strategy for clinical treatment of oral cancer.

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Section: Monoclonal Antibody-based Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of oral cancer

et al. 2022

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“…Based on their potential clinical efficacy and acceptable tolerance, ICIs are currently under active evaluation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of different origin, based on either single or combined therapeutic protocols [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In PitNETs, the experience is yet limited to case reports or small case series reported since 2018 [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], including aggressive and metastatic tumors—which will be respectively designed as ag-PitNETs and met-PitNETs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy for Aggressive and Metastatic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): State-of-the Art

Feola

Carbonara

Verrico

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Background: Aggressive and metastatic PitNETs are challenging conditions. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently considered in cases resistant to temozolomide (TMZ). However, clinical experience is essentially limited to case reports, with variable outcomes. Material and Methods: The effects of ICIs on 12 aggressive/metastatic PitNETs from the literature were reviewed and analyzed according to tumor characteristics, with the additional description of a silent-Pit1 metastatic tumor responding to pembrolizumab. Results: Most cases were metastatic (10/13: 6 corticotroph, 3 lactotroph, 1 silent Pit1); 3 were aggressive (2 corticotroph, 1 lactotroph). ICIS was used either as monotherapy or in combination. At last follow-up on ICI, a complete response (CR) was present in 3 cases and a partial response (PR) in 2 cases (4/5 metastatic). One sustained stable disease (SD) was reported. Progressive disease (PD) was observed in 7 cases, 3 of them after initial SD (n = 1) or PR (n = 3), with 2 reported deaths. PDL1 expression was studied in 10 cases and was high (>95%) in 2 Pit1-derived metastatic PitNETs (1 CR and 1 remarkable PR) but absent/low (<1%) in the remaining cases (including 1 CP and 2 PR). Elevated tumor mutation burden could be informative in corticotroph PitNETs, especially in mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Conclusion: Significant benefits from ICIs were documented in about half of TMZ-resistant PitNETS. High PDL1 expression was associated with remarkable responses but may be dispensable. Based on their acceptable tolerance and awaiting recognized predictors of response, ICIs may be considered a valuable option for such patients.

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“…Although survival rates have been improving over time, tailored therapies are needed, especially for patients with rapidly progressing diseases. The role of immunotherapy in NENs is gaining interest [ 8 , 9 ], and encouraging clinical results have been reported in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) [ 10 ], Merkel cell carcinoma [ 11 ], pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma [ 12 ], lung carcinoid [ 13 ], and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) [ 14 ]. T cell immunotherapy using CAR-T cells is showing encouraging results in cancer treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Any Role for the Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells?

Fanciulli

Modica

Salvia

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Surgery, when feasible, is the most effective and often curative treatment. However, NENs are frequently locally advanced or already metastatic at diagnosis. Consequently, additional local or systemic therapeutic approaches are required. Immunotherapy, based on chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), is showing impressive results in several cancer treatments. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the available data about the use of CAR-T in NENs, including studies in both preclinical and clinical settings. We performed an extensive search for relevant data sources, comprising full-published articles, abstracts from international meetings, and worldwide registered clinical trials. Preclinical studies performed on both cell lines and animal models indicate a significant therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells in NENs. Ongoing and future clinical trials will clarify the possible role of these drugs in patients with highly aggressive NENs.

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Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Carcinoids with Aggressive Behaviour: One More Arrow in Our Quiver?

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of oral cancer

Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of oral cancer

Immunotherapy for Aggressive and Metastatic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): State-of-the Art

Immunotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Any Role for the Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells?

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