Immune checkpoint inhibitors and irAEs

Severe Type of Erythema Multiforme (EM major) due to Administration of Anti-PD-1 Antibody Drug

“…Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have radically changed the treatment of several cancers [1] . Of note, in addition to an increased anti-tumor immunity, the mechanism of action of ICIs reveals a new toxicity profile called immune-related adverse events (irAEs) [2,3] . All organs can be affected by these new toxicities, although the more frequently affected organs include the skin, digestive, and endocrine organs [3,4] .…”

Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Cancer Patients with Pre-existing Autoimmune Disease

“…Since immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) imbalance the immune system, this drug causes a secondary autoimmune condition [1][2][3] . Then on the contrary, it is a very interesting question whether they can be used in cancer patients with autoimmune diseases or what side effects they cause.…”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018 was awarded to Cancer Therapy by Inhibition of Negative Immune Regulation

“…I herein introduce briefly my previous report with some modification [6] . Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have and Kabashima described in their review article [7] , mortality among advanced stage patients and the frequency of treatment-related adverse events remain high with current treatment.…”

“…Unfortunately, the mechanisms of endocrine irAEs by ICIs, remain unclear, and optimal prevention, prediction, and treatment of the irAEs are still uncertain. However, appropriate uses and index setting related to prognosis are being studied in many fields such as dermatology [9] and other organs [6,7] .…”