2019
DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.09.04
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies: what can we learn from experience with other tumors?

Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are some of the most common cancers worldwide with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have afforded additional treatment options for patients, but their success has been limited. Conversely, in other tumor types such as lung cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, treatment strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have propelled those agents into the front lines of treatment. Strategies utilized include combining immune checkpoint inhi… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…In some cases these methods are considered less efficient because of the low abundance of these chemical elements in vivo, leading to poor signal intensity. 19 F MRI is gaining more interest as a tool to investigate cell behavior, driven by advances in MRI technology and scan protocols. Indeed, 19 F MRI provides images with high signal-to-noise ratio and current 1 H MRI instruments require minimal hardware upgrades to acquire 19 F-based images (321,322).…”
Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 4 more Smart Citations
“…In some cases these methods are considered less efficient because of the low abundance of these chemical elements in vivo, leading to poor signal intensity. 19 F MRI is gaining more interest as a tool to investigate cell behavior, driven by advances in MRI technology and scan protocols. Indeed, 19 F MRI provides images with high signal-to-noise ratio and current 1 H MRI instruments require minimal hardware upgrades to acquire 19 F-based images (321,322).…”
Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19 F MRI is gaining more interest as a tool to investigate cell behavior, driven by advances in MRI technology and scan protocols. Indeed, 19 F MRI provides images with high signal-to-noise ratio and current 1 H MRI instruments require minimal hardware upgrades to acquire 19 F-based images (321,322). However, 19 F MRI has a detection limit of approximately 10 3 -10 5 cells per voxel in vivo (323).…”
Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
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