Immune Complex-mediated Glomerulonephritis Associated with Bacterial Kidney Disease in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) developed a post-infectious chronic membranous glomerulonephritis 15 months after they had been experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum. Histologically, peritubular and periglomerular fibrosis, hypercellular glomeruli with occluded Bowman's space, and partial or complete adhesion to Bowman's capsule were constant features. Electron microscopy revealed thickened glomerular basement membranes with spikes accompanied by finely granular electron-dense deposits at the epithelial side and dense material in the mesangial matrix. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated linear immunoglobulin deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The presence of R. salmoninarum was demonstrated by culture and by indirect immunofluorescence. Low serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers were demonstrated.

Monoclonal antibodies to snakehead, Channa striata immunoglobulins: Detection and quantification of immunoglobulin-positive cells in blood and lymphoid organs

“…An immune-complex glomerulonephritis of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggestive of type III hypersensitivity [28] and immunoglobulinpositive deposits in glomerular basement membrane of bacterial kidney disease infected rainbow trout [29] also support the present observation. A few cells in blood vessels of kidney showing reactivity to C9 MAb are presumed to be circulating B-lymphocytes.…”

Clinical Outbreaks of Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in Hatchery-Raised Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (Mitchill, 1814): Lessons Learned

“…Previous records of histopathology support these findings [25][26][27]. In case of the Iron River BKT mortalities, IHC stained slides indicated the presence of an intense distribution of bacterial cells and their antigens within the kidney tissues, as well as within the granulomas, which confirms the assumption that the severe progression of the disease is associated with high bacterial metabolic activities [26][27][28]. Similar findings were reached by [14,15].…”

“…Examination of kidney sections stained with H&E indicated the presence of severe granulomatous reactions, with typical granuloma components where the organism could be detected both intra-and extra-cellularly using the Gram stain. Previous records of histopathology support these findings [25][26][27]. In case of the Iron River BKT mortalities, IHC stained slides indicated the presence of an intense distribution of bacterial cells and their antigens within the kidney tissues, as well as within the granulomas, which confirms the assumption that the severe progression of the disease is associated with high bacterial metabolic activities [26][27][28].…”

Recovery of Renibacterium salmoninarum from naturally infected salmonine stocks in Michigan using a modified culture protocol

“…Moreover, the layers of granulomatous tissues that the host forms around infection foci make the bacterium difficult to attain for isolation using standard bacterial recovery methods. This problem is further complicated by the uneven distribution of R. salmoninarum aggregations within affected kidney tissues, especially in asymptomatic fish [8,9], and the presence of inflammatory mediators that inhibit R. salmoninarum in vitro growth [10,11]. The culture medium routinely used for the isolation of R. salmoninarum is the kidney disease medium (KDM2) developed by Evelyn [12], which allows bacterial growth within 12 weeks.…”