Immune Control of Avian Influenza Virus Infection and Its Vaccine Development

Dey, Piyush; Ahuja, Akanksha; Panwar, Jaishal; Choudhary, Poonam; Rani, Shital; Kaur, Mandeep; Sharma, Akanksha; Kaur, Jatinder; Yadav, Ashok Kumar; Sood, Vikas; Babu, A. R. Suresh; Bhadada, Sanjay; Singh, Gurpal; Barnwal, Ravi Pratap

doi:10.3390/vaccines11030593

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 352 publications

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“…IAV subtypes endemic in animals include H1N1 (pig), H3N2 (pig, dog), H3N8 (horse), and H5N1 (bird) [ 6 ]. Wild aquatic birds are considered the main structural reservoir of H1 to H16 IAV subtypes [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Conversely, the subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 have been found only in bats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 have been found only in bats. Specifically, 144 avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) in different subtypes can be found in infected birds, which may spread influenza viruses through mucus, saliva, and feces [ 9 ]. In general, human influenza viruses are sensitive to heat, acidic pH, and solvents, while avian strains survive longer in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts

De Conto

2024

Pathogens

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Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain could unpredictably acquire the ability to infect humans with high infection transmissibility. Importantly, highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may cause human infections with exceptionally high mortality. Because these latter infections pose a pandemic potential, analyzing the ecology and evolution features of host expansion helps to identify new broad-range therapeutic strategies. Although IAVs are the prototypic example of molecular strategies that capitalize on their coding potential, the outcome of infection depends strictly on the complex interactions between viral and host cell factors. Most of the studies have focused on the influenza virus, while the contribution of host factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of mammals’ host response to AIV infection is crucial. This review sheds light on the involvement of the cellular cytoskeleton during the highly pathogenic AIV infection of mammalian hosts, allowing a better understanding of its modulatory role, which may be relevant to therapeutic interventions for fatal disease prevention and pandemic management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts

De Conto

2024

Pathogens

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“…For example, H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN1203-H5N1) was manufactured and stockpiled as both a bulk antigen and multi-dose final container vaccine [ 16 ], while a recombinant VLP (A/Anhui/1/2013) containing 15 μg hemagglutinin (HA) + ISCOMATRIX was stockpiled [ 17 ]. Although vaccines have been developed, the current H5N1 virus has since mutated, which might make the vaccines ineffective [ 18 ]. Newer H5N1 and H7N9 vaccine candidates are being investigated to protect against a potential pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probenecid Inhibits Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) Viruses In Vitro and in Mice

Murray,

Martin,

Hosking

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Avian influenza (AI) viruses cause infection in birds and humans. Several H5N1 and H7N9 variants are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. H5N1 is a highly infectious bird virus infecting primarily poultry, but unlike other AIs, H5N1 also infects mammals and transmits to humans with a case fatality rate above 40%. Similarly, H7N9 can infect humans, with a case fatality rate of over 40%. Since 1996, there have been several HPAI outbreaks affecting humans, emphasizing the need for safe and effective antivirals. We show that probenecid potently inhibits H5N1 and H7N9 replication in prophylactically or therapeutically treated A549 cells and normal human broncho-epithelial (NHBE) cells, and H5N1 replication in VeroE6 cells and mice.

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“…Avian influenza (AIV) infection control occurs predominantly via culling of infected poultry or through vaccination using conventional inactivated vaccines that genetically and antigenically match the circulating virus [ 6 , 7 ]. In 2017, the vaccine regime against H5 was updated in Egypt in response to the introduction of the HPAI H5N8 virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by an Inactivated Recombinant Avian Influenza A/H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Vaccine against Co-Circulating Influenza A/H5Nx Viruses

Mahmoud,

Khalil,

Abo Shama

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Controlling avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is mainly based on culling of the infected bird flocks or via the implementation of inactivated vaccines in countries where AIVs are considered to be endemic. Over the last decade, several avian influenza virus subtypes, including highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b and the recent H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, have been reported among poultry populations in Egypt. This demanded the utilization of a nationwide routine vaccination program in the poultry sector. Antigenic differences between available avian influenza vaccines and the currently circulating H5Nx strains were reported, calling for an updated vaccine for homogenous strains. In this study, three H5Nx vaccines were generated by utilizing the reverse genetic system: rgH5N1_2.3.4.4, rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2. Further, the immunogenicity and the cross-reactivity of the generated inactivated vaccines were assessed in the chicken model against a panel of homologous and heterologous H5Nx HPAIVs. Interestingly, the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 induced high immunogenicity in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken and could efficiently protect immunized chickens against challenge infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4, H5N8_2.3.4.4 and H5N1_2.2.1.2. In parallel, the rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 could partially protect SPF chickens against infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and H5N8_2.3.4.4. Conversely, the raised antibodies to rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 could provide full protection against HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and HPAIV H5N8_2.3.4.4, and partial protection (60%) against HPAIV H5N1_2.2.1.2. Compared to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 vaccines, chickens vaccinated with rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 showed lower viral shedding following challenge infection with the predefined HPAIVs. These data emphasize the superior immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 in comparison to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2.

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Immune Control of Avian Influenza Virus Infection and Its Vaccine Development

Cited by 25 publications

References 352 publications

Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts

Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts

Probenecid Inhibits Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) Viruses In Vitro and in Mice

Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by an Inactivated Recombinant Avian Influenza A/H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Vaccine against Co-Circulating Influenza A/H5Nx Viruses

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