Immune defense at the ocular surface

Akpek, Esen K.; Gottsch, John D.

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700617

Cited by 111 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Proper eyelid closure is necessary to maintain the tear film and prevent dryness. Since the tear film also serves as an innate immune defense,18 ECAs theoretically can increase the risk of ocular infection. Further research is needed in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients’ Perceptions of Trichiasis Surgery: Results from the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) Surgery Clinical Trial

Oktavec

Cassard

Harding

et al. 2014

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Purpose: While quality of life surveys have been conducted in trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery populations, little is known about patients’ perceptions of the surgical experience and outcomes.Methods: We interviewed a subset of Partnership for the Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) surgery trial participants 24 months after surgery. Questions focused on current ocular symptoms, perceived daily functioning, physical appearance, and overall perception of surgery. We stratified participants based on surgical outcomes: normal upper eyelid, postoperative TT, or eyelid contour abnormality (ECA) in one or both eyelids. We compared responses between sexes and surgical outcome groups using contingency tables and Fisher’s exact tests.Results: A total of 483 individuals participated and 86% were very satisfied with surgery results; 96% reported ocular symptom improvement. Participants with moderate to severe ECA or postoperative TT were more likely to report current ocular problems than those with normal eyelids (46% and 58% vs 34%, respectively; p = 0.01 for each comparison). The most common symptom among participants with moderate to severe postoperative TT was feeling lashes touching (blurred vision was the most common among participants with moderate to severe ECA). Overall, 83% stated surgery improved daily life; participants with ECA were less likely to report improvement than others (p = 0.002). Participants who had moderate or severe postoperative TT were least likely to state that they would undergo repeat surgery (80%), followed by participants with ECA (86%).Conclusions: Postoperative TT and ECA both reduced satisfaction with surgery, but appeared to influence different aspects of life. Improving surgical outcomes both by reducing recurrence rates and limiting ECAs are essential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients’ Perceptions of Trichiasis Surgery: Results from the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) Surgery Clinical Trial

Oktavec

Cassard

Harding

et al. 2014

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…Author(s) agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License flushes foreign particles from the ocular surface and act as a transport vehicle for the transfer of antimicrobial proteins and immunoglobulins (Akpek and Gottsch, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

Mohager¹,

Kaddam²,

Mohager³

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Ocular infections are widespread and they exert heavy burden on eye health. Virtually, any eye component can be infected by a diversity of bacteria. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of external ocular bacterial infections and to find out antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates at eye care hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan. Two hundred and four corneal scrape and drained pus materials were received from infected eyes with clinical diagnoses of bacterial conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryo-cystitis and eye abscess. Culture, microscopy with Gram's stain of both samples, bacterial colonies and biochemical tests were carried out. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and standard table of antibiotic susceptibility was performed. Out of 204 samples processed, 130 (63.7%) yielded bacterial growth. The most prevalent bacterial eye infection was conjunctivitis (59.2%). Of all the isolates, 75 (57.7%) were Gram's positive and 55 (42.3%) were Gram's negative. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus were the most prevalent, 39 (30%) followed by Streptococcus pneumonia 31 (23.8%), Haemophilus influenzae 22 (16.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (10%) and Neisseria gonorrheae 10 (7.7%). Gram positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin (95%), followed by chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin (91%) and ceftriaxone (84%), while the majority were resistant to penicillin (72%). Gram-negative organisms were highly susceptible to amikacin (92.7%) followed by ceftriaxone (87.3%) and ciprofloxacin (78.2%). Major resistance was towards cotrimoxazole (82%) and ampicillin (73%).

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“…39 While the predominantly extracellular bacterial pathogens are more effectively controlled by the innate ocular defense mechanisms, viral infections often lead to a more prolonged course. Viral exposures frequently involve a more robust acquired immune cascade with significant inflammatory damage 4041,42 . It is precisely this exuberant immune reaction that leads to the signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis and immune-mediated sequelae.…”

Section: Ocular Immune Response In Bacterial and Adenoviral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Anti-Adenoviral Therapeutic Agents for use in Acute Conjunctivitis

Capriotti¹,

Pelletier²,

Stewart³

et al. 2011

Conjunctivitis - A Complex and Multifaceted Disorder

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Immune defense at the ocular surface

Cited by 111 publications

References 44 publications

Patients’ Perceptions of Trichiasis Surgery: Results from the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) Surgery Clinical Trial

Patients’ Perceptions of Trichiasis Surgery: Results from the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) Surgery Clinical Trial

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

The Evaluation of Anti-Adenoviral Therapeutic Agents for use in Acute Conjunctivitis

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