Immune function and serum vitamin D in shelter dogs: A case-control study

Allison, Lauren; Jaffey, Jared A.; Bradley-Siemens, Nancy; Tao, Zenan; Thompson, Melissa; Backus, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105477

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The results were that male monocytes produce higher levels of IL-12, IL-1, and TNF-α and lower levels of IL-2 to lymphocytes than females, which suggests a relative suppression of the cellular immune response of the specific immune system in men [53]. However, according to our results, no differences were found in serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 that were related to sex in dogs [54,55]. In humans, some studies indicated that the elevated age results in decreased activities in the immune system [28] and in the response to vaccination [56], which is also shown in dogs [57].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Canine Cytokines Profile in an Endemic Region of L. infantum: Related Factors

Marín-García

Llobat

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Canine leishmaniosis is caused by infection with parasite Leishmania infantum, which are transmitted by sandflies Phlebotomus. Canine leishmaniosis is an endemic disease in the Mediterranean region. The immune response could vary between hosts and determines the severity of the disease and clinical features. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8, which are related to the activation of Th1 or Th2 immune responses in dogs living in the L. infantum endemic region. Moreover, we intend to relate and correlate these levels with different factors, such as sex, age, diet, lifestyle, and breed. Epidemiological data and serum were recovered for seventy-eight dogs, and serum levels of cytokines described previously were analyzed by using the ELISA method. The results showed differences in serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-8 between breeds. The lifestyle also affected serum levels of IL-2. The main conclusion of this study is that Ibizan hounds and crossbred dogs have a serological profile of cytokines that seems to indicate certain protections against infection by L. infantum compared to boxer and purebred breeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Canine Cytokines Profile in an Endemic Region of L. infantum: Related Factors

Marín-García

Llobat

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…It is unlikely that the EPA and DHA would be the sole contributing factor to the anti-inflammatory effect of the whole food diet because fish oil is a commonly used ingredient in extruded dry dog foods. Other nutrients such as vitamin D and zinc might also play a role in the anti-inflammatory effect of the whole food diet ( 17 , 18 , 28 , 29 ). Comparisons of individual components of the whole food diet and extruded dry diet could not be performed because this information was inconsistently available among the extruded dry diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative burst capacity in GM was determined with a commercially available assay (PhagoBurst kit, Orpegen Pharma) validated for use in canines. Heparinized blood from each dog was incubated with 20 μL of opsonized- E. coli strain LE392 or control solution for 10 min in a 37°C water bath ( 17 ). Samples were then incubated for 10 min at 37°C in a water bath with 20 μL of dihydrorhodamine-123, a fluorogenic substrate, which is oxidized to rhodamine 123 by oxygen intermediates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a whole food diet on immune function and inflammatory phenotype in healthy dogs: A randomized, open-labeled, cross-over clinical trial

Jaffey

Monasky

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Whole foods in humans decrease inflammation and risk for various diseases, as well as increase weight loss and immune function. Nutrition has been shown to be an integral component in the management of various diseases in dogs but the immunologic and anti-inflammatory effects of whole food diets have not been explored. Therefore, our objective was to assess the effect of feeding a whole food diet on immune function and inflammatory phenotype in healthy dogs. A prospective, randomized, open-labeled, cross-over clinical trial was performed. Sixteen healthy client-owned dogs were fed either a whole food or an extruded dry diet, and after 67 days, they were fed the alternate diet for an additional 67 days. Blood samples were obtained at the completion of each treatment arm (i.e., days 67 and 134). Serum c-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), and serum amyloid-A (SAA) were measured with ELISA assays. Whole blood cultures were performed with exposure to a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). A canine specific multiplex bead-based assay was then used to measure tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 concentrations. Granulocyte/monocyte (GM) phagocytosis and oxidative burst associated with Escherichia coli were evaluated via flow cytometry. Dogs fed a whole food diet had significantly lower TNF-α-to-IL-10 ratios (P = 0.05) and higher production of IL-8 (P = 0.03) with LTA-exposed leukocytes compared to dogs fed an extruded dry diet. There were no between-treatment differences in the remaining leukocyte cytokine responses, serum CRP, Hp, SAA concentrations, or GM phagocytic and oxidative burst capacities. Whole food diets could have immunomodulatory effects in dogs. Future studies in non-healthy dogs are warranted.

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“…This approach has been followed previously in a number of veterinary studies using the same kits as in our study. 2,23,24 Both neutrophils and monocytes are important cells in the innate immune system, responsible as the first line of defense in the prevention of sepsis. 3,6 For this reason, a decrease in oxidative burst and/or phagocytic activities in either or both populations will increase the risk of sepsis in dogs affected by CPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

et al. 2021

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Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a severe disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunosuppression. The function of circulating phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) in affected dogs has not been fully investigated. We characterized the functional capacity of canine phagocytes in CPE by determining their oxidative burst and phagocytic activities using flow cytometry. Blood was collected from 28 dogs with CPE and 11 healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Oxidative burst activity was assessed by stimulating phagocytes with opsonized Escherichia coli or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and measuring the percentage of phagocytes producing reactive oxygen species and the magnitude of this production. Phagocytosis was measured by incubating phagocytes with opsonized E. coli and measuring the percentage of phagocytes containing E. coli and the number of bacteria per cell. Complete blood counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also determined. Serum CRP concentration was negatively and positively correlated with segmented and band neutrophil concentrations, respectively. Overall, no differences in phagocyte function were found between dogs with CPE and healthy control dogs. However, infected dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA-stimulated oxidative burst activity compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CPE dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA- and E. coli–stimulated oxidative burst activity and decreased phagocytosis of E. coli compared to CPE dogs without neutropenia or band neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes have decreased oxidative burst and phagocytic activity in neutropenic CPE dogs and in CPE dogs with circulating band neutrophils.

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Immune function and serum vitamin D in shelter dogs: A case-control study

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Canine Cytokines Profile in an Endemic Region of L. infantum: Related Factors

Canine Cytokines Profile in an Endemic Region of L. infantum: Related Factors

Effects of a whole food diet on immune function and inflammatory phenotype in healthy dogs: A randomized, open-labeled, cross-over clinical trial

Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

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