Immune Function in Critically Ill Dogs

Hoffman, D.; Amorim, Juliana; DeClue, Amy E.

doi:10.1111/jvim.14857

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In dogs, 2 similar studies, one conducted in critically ill dogs 23 and the other in septic dogs, 47 also found a decrease in oxidative burst activity when phagocytes were stimulated by PMA and immune complexes, respectively. One study postulated that in canine critical illness, dysfunction in the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway may be the reason for decreased oxidative burst activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Oxidative burst and phagocytic activities were determined using commercial kits (Phagoburst and Phagotest kits, respectively; Glycotope Biotechnology). Both kits have been used successfully in previous canine studies 23,30,33 and were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, oxidative burst activity was determined by incubating 2 samples of 100 µL of precooled (0°C) heparinized whole blood, one with opsonized Escherichia coli bacteria and one with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), at 37°C for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A live gate was set to capture events with the same red fluorescence as a human diploid cell, thus excluding bacterial aggregates and nonviable cells. The gating strategy, as described previously, 23 was as follows: the negative control samples were used to set the gate on the blue-green histogram for the fluorescence-positive population, and a forward-scatter versus side-scatter plot was used to gate the phagocytes, excluding lymphocytes (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Decreased phagocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst activities have been reported in dogs with critical illness and sepsis. 23,47 In human medicine, phagocyte dysfunction has been described in septic children 11 and adults 9,27 as well as in animal models of sepsis. 10,15 Phagocyte dysfunction is considered a negative prognostic indicator 9 and may be progressive as the severity of sepsis increases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

et al. 2021

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Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a severe disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunosuppression. The function of circulating phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) in affected dogs has not been fully investigated. We characterized the functional capacity of canine phagocytes in CPE by determining their oxidative burst and phagocytic activities using flow cytometry. Blood was collected from 28 dogs with CPE and 11 healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Oxidative burst activity was assessed by stimulating phagocytes with opsonized Escherichia coli or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and measuring the percentage of phagocytes producing reactive oxygen species and the magnitude of this production. Phagocytosis was measured by incubating phagocytes with opsonized E. coli and measuring the percentage of phagocytes containing E. coli and the number of bacteria per cell. Complete blood counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also determined. Serum CRP concentration was negatively and positively correlated with segmented and band neutrophil concentrations, respectively. Overall, no differences in phagocyte function were found between dogs with CPE and healthy control dogs. However, infected dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA-stimulated oxidative burst activity compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CPE dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA- and E. coli–stimulated oxidative burst activity and decreased phagocytosis of E. coli compared to CPE dogs without neutropenia or band neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes have decreased oxidative burst and phagocytic activity in neutropenic CPE dogs and in CPE dogs with circulating band neutrophils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

et al. 2021

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“…Research on neutrophil function in B. bovis reported that neutrophils displayed increased phagocytic activity, but reduced respiratory burst during peak parasitemias (24). Moreover, studies that investigated the immune function in septic and critically ill dogs, reported that neutrophil function was impaired, possibly due to dysfunction in the NADPH oxidase complex, which is the enzyme tasked with catalyzing one of the initial reactions in the respiratory burst complex (25,26). A concept called sepsis-induced immunosuppression or immunoparalysis, similar to what has been reported in humans, was used to describe this phenomenon and imparts a negative prognosis on affected animals (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Dogs With Babesiosis Caused by Babesia rossi

et al. 2020

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Babesiosis caused by the virulent tick-borne hemoprotozoan, Babesia rossi, results in a marked systemic inflammatory host response in dogs. Neutrophils form part of the innate immune response and contains myeloperoxidase (MPO) as the predominant component of the neutrophil lysosomal protein in azurophilic granules. The neutrophil myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), determined on the ADVIA hematology analyzer, is a quantitative estimate of intracellular MPO content. Objectives of this study were to: (a) compare MPXI in dogs with babesiosis with healthy control dogs; (b) compare MPXI in dogs that died from babesiosis with dogs that survived and controls; and (c) correlate the MPXI with the previously determined segmented and band neutrophil count and cytokine concentrations in dogs with babesiosis. Data for 140 dogs naturally infected with B. rossi and 20 healthy control dogs were retrospectively evaluated. Neutrophil counts and MPXI were determined on an ADVIA 2120 analyzer. Cytokine concentrations [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] were determined using a canine-specific multiplex immunoassay. The mortality rate of the Babesia-infected dogs was 11% (15/140). MPXI was significantly higher in Babesia-infected dogs (P = 0.033), and in Babesia-infected non-survivors (P = 0.011), compared with healthy control dogs. In Babesia-infected dogs a significant positive correlation was found between MPXI and IL-10 (r = 0.211, P = 0.039) and a significant negative correlation was found between MPXI and IL-8 (r = −0.350, P < 0.001). In Babesia-infected non-survivors, significant positive correlations were found between MPXI and IL-2 (r = 0.616, P = 0.033), IL-6 (r = 0.615, P = 0.033), IL-18 (r = 0.613, P = 0.034), GM-CSF (r = 0.630, P = 0.028), and MCP-1 (r = 0.713, P = 0.009). In Babesia-infected survivors, a significant negative correlation was found between MPXI and IL-8 (r = −0.363, P = 0.001). MPXI was correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in Babesia-infected dogs that died. The potential of MPXI as a novel marker of inflammation and prognosis in dogs infected with B. rossi, thus warrants further investigation.

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Hereditary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies

Giger¹,

Reagan²

2021

Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat

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Immune Function in Critically Ill Dogs

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Dogs With Babesiosis Caused by Babesia rossi

Hereditary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies

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